Effectiveness Review
Analytic Framework 
[PDF – 336 KB]
When starting an effectiveness review, the systematic review team develops an analytic framework. The analytic framework illustrates how the intervention approach is thought to affect public health. It guides the search for evidence and may be used to summarize the evidence collected. The analytic framework often includes intermediate outcomes, potential effect modifiers, potential harms, and potential additional benefits.
The number of studies and publications do not always correspond (e.g., a publication may include several studies or one study may be explained in several publications).
Effectiveness Review
Ahmed F, Friedman C, Franks A, et al. Effect of the frequency of delivery of reminders and an influenza tool kit on increasing influenza vaccination rates among adults with high-risk conditions. Am J Manage Care 2004;10(10):698-702.
The following outlines the search strategy used for these reviews of interventions to promote seasonal influenza vaccinations among healthcare and non-healthcare workers: on-site, free or reduced cost, actively promoted vaccinations; and actively promoted off-site vaccinations.
With the assistance of a CDC librarian, the team searched for published studies in the following databases: PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, CSA Illumina (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts), Proquest, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Sociological Abstracts, EconLit, and Global Health. The team also searched bibliographic reference lists and accepted suggestions of studies from members of the team.
The team considered studies for inclusion if they:
- Were primary research published in a journal or a technical or government report
- Were published in English
- Met minimum research quality criteria for study design and execution—specifically, using designs with before-and-after comparisons in the intervention group or comparisons across two groups receiving different levels of intervention
- Evaluated an intervention designed to increase seasonal influenza vaccination coverage, conducted and promoted among workers in a healthcare worksite
- Evaluated change in seasonal influenza vaccination coverage, morbidity, mortality, or worker productivity associated with the intervention.
The team searched for and accepted for possible inclusion studies published through March 2008.
Database: MEDLINE (OVID) 722 results
exp Influenza, Human/ or (influenza or flu).mp
AND
exp Vaccination/ or exp Immunization Programs/ or exp Immunization/ or exp
Vaccines/ or (immuniz$ or vaccin$ or inoculat$ or jab or jabs).mp
AND
exp Work/ or exp Workplace/ or exp Health Personnel/ or exp Employment/ or
(worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working).mp
Database: PSYCINFO (Ovid) 29 results
exp INFLUENZA/ or (influenza or flu).mp
AND
exp Immunization/ or (immuniz$ or vaccin$ or inoculat$ or jab or jabs).mp
AND
exp Personnel/ or exp Employment Status/ or exp Employee Attitudes/ or exp EMPLOYER ATTITUDES/ or exp Management Personnel/ or exp Employee Benefits/ or exp Personnel/ or exp Health Personnel/ or exp Nurses/ or exp Medical Personnel/ or (worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working).mp
Database: CINAHL (Ovid) 538 results
exp INFLUENZA A VIRUS/ or exp INFLUENZA, AVIAN/ or exp INFLUENZA/ or exp
INFLUENZA A VIRUS, H5N1 SUBTYPE/ or (influenza or flu).mp
AND
exp Vaccines/ or exp INFLUENZA VACCINE/ or exp Immunization/ or (immuniz$ or vaccin$ or inoculat$ or jab or jabs).mp
AND
exp "MEDICAL SOCIAL WORKER SERVICE (SABA CCC)"/ or exp work/ or exp RESCUE WORK/ or exp WORK ENVIRONMENT/ or exp "QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE"/ or exp
MOTHERS, WORKING/ or exp WOMEN, WORKING/ or exp EMPLOYEE INCENTIVE PROGRAMS/ or exp EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES/ or exp EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS/ or exp EMPLOYEE ORIENTATION/ or exp EMPLOYMENT/ or exp HEALTH PERSONNEL AS PATIENTS/ or exp PERSONNEL, HEALTH FACILITY/ or exp HEALTH PERSONNEL, INFECTED/ or exp ALLIED HEALTH PERSONNEL/ or exp HEALTH PERSONNEL, UNLICENSED/ or exp HEALTH PERSONNEL/ or exp HEALTH PERSONNEL, MINORITY/ or exp LABORATORY PERSONNEL/ or exp NURSING HOME PERSONNEL/ or (worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working).mp
Database: Web of Science 496 results
TS=(influenza or flu) or TI=(influenza or flu)
AND
TS=(immuniz* OR vaccin* OR inoculat* OR jab OR jabs) or TI=(immuniz* OR vaccin* OR inoculat* OR jab OR jabs)
AND
TS=(worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working)
or TI=(worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working)
(DocType=All document types; Language=English; Databases=SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI; Timespan=1980-2007 )
Database: Science Direct 224 results
TITLE-ABSTR-KEY((worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working) AND (immuniz* OR vaccin* OR inoculat* OR jab OR jabs) AND (influenza or flu))
Database: Embase 1409 results
'influenza'/exp OR 'Influenza virus'/exp OR 'influenza vaccine'/exp or influenza or flu
AND
'immunization'/exp OR 'preventive health service'/exp OR 'influenza vaccination'/exp
OR 'virus vaccine'/exp OR 'vaccination'/exp OR 'vaccine'/exp OR 'influenza
vaccine'/exp OR 'inoculation'/exp or immuniz* OR vaccin* OR inoculat* OR jab OR jabs
AND
'workplace'/exp OR 'work'/exp OR 'worker'/exp OR 'aged worker'/exp OR 'health care personnel'/exp OR 'employee'/exp OR 'employer'/exp OR 'employment'/exp or worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working
Database: CSA 33 results
influenza or flu
and
immuniz* OR vaccin* OR inoculat* OR jab OR jabs
and
worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working
Database: Proquest 152 results
influenza or flu
and
immuniz* OR vaccin* OR inoculat* OR jab OR jabs
and
worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working
Database: Cochrane 168 results
same as Medline
Database: EconLit 7 results
(worksite or workplace or work or employee or worker or employer or working) AND
(immuniz* OR vaccin* OR inoculat* OR jab OR jabs) AND (