Effectiveness Review
Analytic Framework 
[PDF - 216 KB] – see Figure 2 on page 553
When starting an effectiveness review, the systematic review team develops an analytic framework. The analytic framework illustrates how the intervention approach is thought to affect public health. It guides the search for evidence and may be used to summarize the evidence collected. The analytic framework often includes intermediate outcomes, potential effect modifiers, potential harms, and potential additional benefits.
The number of studies and publications do not always correspond (e.g., a publication may include several studies or one study may be explained in several publications).
Effectiveness Review
Bauman AE, Bellew B, Owen N, Vita P. Impact of an Australian mass media campaign targeting physical activity in 1998. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(1):41-7.
Bauman A, McLean G, Hurdle D, et al. Evaluation of the national 'Push Play' campaign in New Zealand--creating population awareness of physical activity. N Z Med J 2003;116(1179):U535.
Beaudoin CE, Fernandez C, Wall JL, Farley TA. Promoting healthy eating and physical activity short-term effects of a mass media campaign. Am J Prev Med 2007;32(3):217-23.
Berkowitz JM, Huhman M, Nolin MJ. Did augmenting the VERB campaign advertising in select communities have an effect on awareness, attitudes, and physical activity? Am J Prev Med 2008;34(6 Suppl):S257-66.
Booth M, Bauman A, Oldenburg B, Owen N, Magnus P. Effects of a national mass-media campaign on physical activity participation. Health Promot Int 1992;7(4):241-7.
Craig CL, Tudor-Locke C, Bauman A. Twelve-month effects of Canada on the Move: a population-wide campaign to promote pedometer use and walking. Health Educ Res 2007;22(3):406-13.
Hillsdon M, Cavill N, Nanchahal K, Diamond A, White IR. National level promotion of physical activity: Results from England's ACTIVE for LIFE campaign. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001;55(10):755-61.
Huhman ME, Potter LD, Nolin MJ, et al. The Influence of the VERB campaign on children's physical activity in 2002 to 2006. Am J Public Health 2010;100(4):638-45.
Jason LA, Greiner BJ, Naylor K, Johnson SP, Van EL. A large-scale, short-term, media-based weight loss program. Am J Health Promot 1991;5(6):432-37.
John-Leader F, van Beurden E, Barnett L, et al. Multimedia campaign on a shoestring: promoting 'Stay Active - Stay Independent' among seniors. Health Promot J Austr 2008;19(1):22-8.
Merom D, Rissel C, Mahmic A, Bauman A. Process evaluation of the New South Wales Walk Safely to School Day. Health Promot J Austr 2005;16(2):100-6.
Meyer AJ, Nash JD, McAlister AL, Maccoby N, Farquhar JW. Skills training in a cardiovascular health education campaign. J Consult Clin Psychol 1980;48(2):129-42.
Miles A, Rapoport L, Wardle J, Afuape T, Duman M. Using the mass-media to target obesity: An analysis of the characteristics and reported behaviour change of participants in the BBC's 'Fighting Fat, Fighting Fit' campaign. Health Educ Res 2001;16(3):357-72.
Peterson M, Chandlee M, Abraham A. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a statewide media campaign to promote adolescent physical activity. Health Promot Pract 2008;9(4):426-33.
Price SM, Huhman M, Potter LD. Influencing the parents of children aged 9-13 yrs: findings from the VERB campaign. Am J Prev Med 2008;34(6 Suppl):S267-74.
Renger R, Steinfelt V, Lazarus S. Assessing the effectiveness of a community-based media campaign targeting physical inactivity. Fam Community Health 2002;25(3):18-30.
Effectiveness Review
Electronic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Campbell, Cochrane, NICE, Sociological Abstracts, AMED, and Enviroline databases. Also reviewed were references listed in all retrieved articles, as well as other identified review articles.
Only articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were included. To be included in this review, studies were required to
- Be published from 1998 through 2011
- Present findings of original research published in English
- Be conducted in a high-income economy
- Be consistent with the systematic review development team’s definition for a stand-alone mass media campaign
- Provide information on one or more outcomes related to the analytic framework that included a measure of physical activity
- Compare a group or population exposed to the intervention with a group not exposed or less exposed (comparisons could be concurrent or in the same group over a period of time).
Two abstractors independently read and collected information on each article using an electronic abstraction form. Any disagreements between the reviewers were reconciled by consensus of the two lead scientists of this systematic review.
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