Effectiveness Review
Analytic Framework
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When starting an effectiveness review, the systematic review team develops an analytic framework. The analytic framework illustrates how the intervention approach is thought to affect public health. It guides the search for evidence and may be used to summarize the evidence collected. The analytic framework often includes intermediate outcomes, potential effect modifiers, potential harms, and potential additional benefits.
The number of studies and publications do not always correspond (e.g., a publication may include several studies or one study may be explained in several publications).
Effectiveness Review
Adams J, White M. A systematic approach to the development and evaluation of an intervention promoting stair use. Health Education Journal 2002;61(3):272-86.
Andersen RE, Franckowiak SC, Snyder J, Bartlett SJ, Fontaine KR. Can inexpensive signs encourage the use of stairs? Results from a community intervention. Ann Intern Med 1998;129(5):363-9.
Andersen RE, Franckowiak SC, Zuzak KB, Cummings ES, Crespo CJ. Community intervention to encourage stair use among African American commuters. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:38.
Blamey A, Mutrie N, Aitchison T. Health promotion by encouraged use of stairs. BMJ 1995;311(7000):289-90.
Boutelle KN, Jeffery RW, Murray DM, Schmitz MK. Using signs, artwork, and music to promote stair use in a public building. Am J Public Health 2001;91(12):2004-6.
Brownell KD, Stunkard AJ, Albaum JM. Evaluation and modification of exercise patterns in the natural environment. Am J Psychiatry 1980;137(12):1540-5.
Coleman KJ, Gonzalez EC. Promoting stair use in a U.S.-Mexico border community. Am J Public Health 2001;91(12):2007-9.
Kerr J, Eves F, Carroll D. Getting more people on the stairs: the impact of a new message format. J Health Psychol 2001;6(5):495-500.
Kerr J, Eves F, Carroll D. Six-month observational study of prompted stair climbing. Prev Med 2001;33(5):422-7.
Marshall AL, Bauman AE, Patch C, Wilson J, Chen J. Can motivational signs prompt increases in incidental physical activity in an Australian health-care facility? Health Educ Res 2002;17(6):743-9.
Russell WD, Dzewaltowski DA, Ryan GJ. The effectiveness of a point-of-decision prompt in deterring sedentary behavior. Am J Health Promot 1999;13(5):257-9.
Russell WD, Hutchinson J. Comparison of health promotion and deterrent prompts in increasing use of stairs over escalators. Percept Mot Skills 2000;91(1):55-61.
Point-of-decision Prompts When Used with Stair or Stairwell Enhancements
Boutelle KN, Jeffery RW, Murray DM, Schmitz MK. Using signs, artwork, and music to promote stair use in a public building. Am J Public Health 2001;91(12):2004-6.
Kerr NA, Yore MM, Ham SA, Dietz WH. Increasing stair use in a worksite through environmental changes. Am J Health Promot 2004;18(4):312–5.
Effectiveness Review
The articles considered for this review were obtained from systematic searches of multiple databases, reviews of bibliographic reference lists, and consultations with experts in the field. Our updated search for evidence encompassed the period from 2000 to April 2005, which overlapped with the search conducted for the original Community Guide review of these interventions (search period 1980–2000).
The original review utilized the following seven databases: Enviroline, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Social SciSearch, Sociological Abstracts, Sportdiscus, and Transportation Research Information Services (TRIS). For our updated search, the following 15 databases were examined: ArticleFirst, CINAHL, EMBASE, Enviroline, Health Promotion and Education Database, MEDLINE, Ovid, PsycINFO, PubMed, Social SciSearch, Social Science Citation Index , Sociological Abstracts, SPORTDiscus, Transportation Research Information Services (TRIS), and WorldCat.
This list includes some databases not available at the time of the original review. The search strategies for a selection of these databases is included below.
Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R)
[1999 to April Week 1 2005]
- exercise/ or physical fitness/ (17239)
- (physical activit$ or climb$ or walk$).mp. (21373)
- 1 or 2 (33722)
- health promotion/ and environment/ (32)
- health promotion/ or environmental change$.mp. or environmental intervention$.mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, name of substance word, subject heading word] (10840)
- 4 or 5 (10840)
- 3 or 6 (43437)
- decision making/ or point of decision.mp. or prompt$.mp. or decision$.mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, name of substance word, subject heading word] (62856)
- 7 and 8 (891)
- stair$.mp. (1071)
- 9 and 10 (18)
- limit 11 to (english language and yr=2000 - 2005) (13)
- from 12 keep 2,6-9,12-13 (7)
- from 13 keep 1-7 (7)
Database: EMBASE
[1996 to 2005 Week 15]
- exercise/ or fitness/ (31388)
- physical activity/ or climb$.mp. or walk$.mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject headings, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer name] (34061)
- 1 or 2 (59826)
- health promotion/ and environment/ (56)
- health promotion/ or environmental change$.mp. or environmental intervention$.mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject headings, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer name] (13841)
- 4 or 5 (13841)
- 3 or 6 (72094)
- decision making/ or point of decision.mp. or prompt$.mp. or decision$.mp. (73887)
- 7 and 8 (1613)
- stair$.mp. (1496)
- 9 and 10 (22)
- limit 11 to (english language and yr=2000 - 2005) (14)
- from 12 keep 2-3,6-7,9-13 (9)
- from 13 keep 1-9 (9)
Database: PsycINFO
[2000 to April Week 2 2005]
- exercise/ or physical fitness/ (2496)
- (physical activit$ or climb$ or walk$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject headings, table of contents, key concepts] (4335)
- 1 or 2 (5719)
- health promotion/ and environment/ (17)
- health promotion/ or environmental change$.mp. or environmental intervention$.mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject headings, table of contents, key concepts] (2334)
- 4 or 5 (2334)
- 3 or 6 (7699)
- decision making/ or point of decision.mp. or prompt$.mp. or decision$.mp. (20959)
- 7 and 8 (323)
- stair$.mp. (188)
- 9 and 10 (5)
- limit 11 to english language (5)
- from 12 keep 1-5 (5)
Database: Chronic Disease Prevention File Health Promotion and Education Database
- MJ= exercise or physical activity or physical fitness or physical fitness programs
- tw= stair* and (prompt* or decision*)
- 1 and 2
- 3 and yr = 2000-2005
Database: SPORTDiscus_1962-2005/Sep (c) 2005 Sport Information Resource Centre
- stair? and (health promotion or prompt? or decision?)
Total = 4
Database: Web of Science
(includes Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)
- Stair* and (prompt* or decision*)
- 1 and yr = 2000-2005
Total: 11