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The number of studies and publications do not always correspond (e.g., a publication may include several studies or one study may be explained in several publications).
Burke V, Milligan RA, Thompson C, et al. A controlled trial of health promotion programs in 11-year-olds using physical activity “enrichment” for higher risk children. J Pediatr 1998;132:840–8.
Gortmaker SL, Peterson K, Wiecha J, et al. Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth: Planet Health. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999;153:409–18.
Lionis C, Kafatos A, Vlachonikolis J, Vakaki M, Tzortzi M, Petraki A. The effects of a health education intervention program among Cretan adolescents. Prev Med 1991;20:685–99.
Mo-suwan L, Pongprapai S, Junjana C, Puetpaiboon A. Effects of a controlled trial of a school-based exercise program on the obesity indexes of preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1006–11.
Nader PR, Stone EJ, Lytle LA, et al. Three-year maintenance of improved diet and physical activity: the CATCH cohort. Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999;153:695–704.
Robinson TN. Reducing children’s television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999;282:1561–7.
Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Hovell MF, Nader PR. Project SPARK. Effects of physical education on adiposity in children. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;699:127–36.
Tamir D, Feurstein A, Brunner S, Halfon ST, Reshef A, Palti H. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in childhood: changes in serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and body mass index after 2 years of intervention in Jerusalem schoolchildren age 7–9 years. Prev Med 1990;19:22–30.
Walter HJ, Hofman A, Connelly PA, Barrett LT, Kost KL. Primary prevention of chronic disease in childhood: changes in risk factors after one year of intervention. Am J Epidemiol 1985;122:772–81.
Walter HJ, Hofman A, Vaughan RD, Wynder EL. Modification of risk factors for coronary heart disease. Five-year results of a school-based intervention trial. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1093–100.
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To be considered for inclusion in the reviews of effectiveness, studies had to include multiple characteristics.
- Description of a primary intervention with participants recruited or enrolled from the school (including preschool) or worksite setting.
- Publication in English during 1966--2001.
- Interventions related to diet, physical activity, or combinations thereof, with sufficient detail to meet Community Guide standards.
- Common weight-related measures as outcomes (e.g., BMI, body weight, and anthropometric measures).
- Control measurement between or within groups (either with baseline and follow-up [before and after] measurements or by using control groups).
- Subjects followed for at least 6 months from the beginning of the intervention to assess weight loss maintenance.
To identify additional studies, manual searches were performed of reference lists from identified reports, extant systematic reviews (certain reviews available through the Cochrane Library), review reports, and reports written by researchers in the field.
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