Studies on Tobacco Use Prevention and Control

List of identified and reviewed studies* by intervention type: Tobacco Use Prevention and Control

These are qualifying studies listed by topic, included in the evidence base. Please click on the topic title or black triangle to expand and see the list under each topic.

Strategies to Reduce ETS: Smoking Bans and Restrictions (10 qualifying studies)

Strategies to Reduce ETS: Community Education to Reduce Exposure to ETS in the Home (1 qualifying study)

Strategies to Reduce Tobacco Use Initiation by Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Increasing the Unit Price for Tobacco Products (8 qualifying studies)

Mass Media Campaigns (12 qualifying studies)

Bauman KE, LaPrelle J, Brown JD, Koch GG, Padgett CA. The influence of three mass media campaigns on variables related to adolescent cigarette smoking: results of a field experiment. American Journal of Public Health 1991;81:597-604.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tobacco use among middle and high school students--Florida, 1998 and 1999. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48:248-53.
Flay BR, Hansen WB, Johnson CA, et al. Implementation effectiveness trial of a social influences smoking prevention program using schools and television. Health Education Research 1987;2:385-400.
Flay BR, Miller TQ, Hedeker D, et al. The television, school, and family smoking prevention and cessation project. VIII. Student outcomes and mediating variables. Preventive Medicine 1995;24:29-40.
Flynn BS, Worden JK, Secker-Walker RH, Pirie PL, Badger GJ, Carpenter JH. Long-term responses of higher and lower risk youths to smoking prevention interventions. Preventive Medicine 1997;26:389-94.
Hafstad A, Straypedersen B, Langmark F. Use of provocative emotional appeals in a mass media campaign designed to prevent smoking among adolescents. European Journal of Public Health 1997;7:122-7.
Johnson CA, Pentz MA, Weber MD, Dwyer JH, et al. Relative effectiveness of comprehensive community programming for drug abuse prevention with high-risk and low-risk adolescents. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1990;58:447-56.
Kaufman JS, Jason LA, Sawlski LM, Halpert JA. A comprehensive multi-media program to prevent smoking among black students. Journal of Drug Education 1994;24:95-108.
Murray DM, Prokhorov AV, Harty KC. Effects of a statewide antismoking campaign on mass media messages and smoking beliefs. Preventive Medicine 1994;23:54-60.
Perry CL, Kelder SH, Murray DM, Klepp KI. Communitywide smoking prevention: long-term outcomes of the Minnesota Heart Health Program and the Class of 1989 Study. American Journal of Public Health 1992;82:1210-6.
Siegel M, Biener L. The impact of an antismoking media campaign on progressions to established smoking: results of a longitudinal youth study. American Journal of Public Health 2000;90:1-7.
Vartiainen E, Paavola M, McAlister A, Puska P. Fifteen-year follow-up of smoking prevention effects in the North Karelia youth project. American Journal of Public Health 1998;88:81-5.

Strategies to Increase Tobacco Use Cessation: Increasing the Unit Price for Tobacco Products ( 51 qualifying studies in 17 consolidated evaluation areas [in brackets])

[California]Â·Flewelling RL, Kenney E, Elder JP, Pierce J, Johnson M, Bal DG. First-year impact of the 1989 California cigarette tax increase on cigarette consumption. American Journal of Public Health 1992;82:867-9.
[California] Â·Glantz, S. Changes in cigarette consumption, prices, and tobacco industry revenues associated with California's proposition 99. Tobacco Control 1993;2:311-4.
[California] Â·Hu TW, Bai J, Keeler TE, Barnett PG, Sung HY. The impact of California Proposition 99, a major anti-smoking law, on cigarette consumption. Journal of Public Health Policy 1994;15:26-36.
[California] Â·Hu TW, Sung HY, Keeler TE. Reducing cigarette consumption in California: tobacco taxes vs an anti-smoking media campaign. American Journal of Public Health 1995;85:1218-22.
[California] Â·Hu TW, Ren QF, Keeler TE, Bartlett J. The demand for cigarettes in California and behavioural risk factors. Health Economics 1995;4:7-14.
[California] Â·Keeler TE, Hu T, Barnett PG, Manning WG. Taxation, regulation, and addiction: a demand function for cigarettes based on time-series evidence. Journal of Health Economics 1993;12:1-18.
[California] Â·Pierce JP, Gilpin E, Emery SL, White MM, Rosbrook B, Berry C. Has the California Tobacco Control Program Reduced Smoking? JAMA 1998;280:893-9.
[Massachusetts] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette smoking before and after an excise tax increase and an antismoking campaign-Massachusetts, 1990-1996. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1996;45:966-70.
[Oregon] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Decline in cigarette consumption following implementation of a comprehensive tobacco prevention and education program-Oregon, 1996-1998. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48:140-3.
[Eleven Western States] Sung H, Hu T, Keeler TE. Cigarette taxation and demand: an empirical model. Contemporary Economic Policy 1994;12:91-100.
[National evaluations in the 1990s] Â·Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Response to increases in cigarette prices by race/ethnicity, income, and age groups-United States, 1976-1993. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1998;47:605-9.
[National evaluations in the 1990s] Â·Meier KJ, Licari MJ. The effect of cigarette taxes on cigarette consumption, 1955 through 1994. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87:1126-30.
[National evaluations in the 1990s] Â·Evans WN, Ringel JS, Stech D. Tobacco taxes and public policy to discourage smoking. Tax policy and the economy 1999;13:1-56.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Ohsfeldt RL, Boyle RG, Capilouto E. Effects of tobacco excise taxes on the use of smokeless tobacco products in the USA. Health Education 1997;6:525-31.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Wasserman J, Manning WG, Newhouse JP, Winkler JD. The effects of excise taxes and regulations on cigarette smoking. Journal of Health Economics 1991;10:43-64.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Ohsfeldt RL, Boyle RG. Tobacco excise taxes and rates of smokeless tobacco use in the US: an exploratory ecological analysis. Tobacco Control 1994;3:316-23.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Baltagi BH, Goel RK. Quasi-experimental price elasticities of cigarette demand and the bootlegging effect. American Agricultural Economics Association 1987;69:750-4.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Barnett PG, Keeler TE, Hu T. Oligopoly structure and the incidence of cigarette excise taxes. Journal of Public Economics 1995;57:457-70.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Becker GS, Grossman M, Murphy KM. An empirical analysis of cigarette addiction. American Economic Review 1994;84:396-418.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Chaloupka F, Saffer H. Clean indoor air laws and the demand for cigarettes. Contemporary Policy Issues 1992;10:72-83.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Evans WN, Farrelly MC. The compensating behavior of smokers: taxes, tar, and nicotine. RAND Journal of Economics 1998;29:0-19.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Jackson JD, Saba RP. Some limits on taxing sin: cigarette taxation and health care finance. Southern Economic Journal 1997;761-75.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Moore MJ. Death and tobacco taxes. RAND Journal of Economics 1996;27:415-28.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Peterson DE, Zeger SL, Remington PL, Anderson HA. The effect of state cigarette tax increases on cigarette sales, 1955 to 1988. American Journal of Public Health 1992;82:94-6.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Saba RP, Beard TR, Ekelund RB, Ressler RW. The demand for cigarette smuggling. Economic Inquiry 1995;23:189-202.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Seldon BJ, Doroodian K. A simultaneous model of cigarette advertising: effects on demand and industry response to public policy. Review of Economics and Statistics 1989;71:673-7.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Seldon BJ, Boyd R. The stability of cigarette demand. Applied Economics 1991;23:319-26.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Tegene A. Kalman filter and the demand for cigarettes. Applied Economics 1991;23:1175-82.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Thursby JG, Thursby MC. Interstate cigarette bootlegging: Extent, revenue losses, and effects of federal intervention. National Bureau of Economic Research 1996;2-29.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Tremblay CH, Tremblay VJ. The impact of cigarette advertising on consumer surplus, profit, and social welfare. Contemporary Economic Policy 1995;13:113-24.
[National evaluations in the 1980s] Â·Goel RK, Morey MJ. The interdependence of cigarette and liquor demand. South Econ J 1998;October:451-9.
[National evaluations conducted in the 1970s] Â·Baltagi BH, Levin D. Estimating dynamic demand for cigarettes using panel data: the effects of bootlegging, taxation and advertising reconsidered. Review of Economics and Statistics 1986;68:148-55.
[National evaluations conducted in the 1970s] Â·Bishop JA, Yoo JH. Health scare, excise taxes and advertising ban in the cigarette demand and supply. Southern Economic Journal 1985;52:402-11.
[National evaluations conducted in the 1970s] Â·Chaloupka F. Clean indoor air laws, addiction, and cigarette smoking. Applied Economics 1992;24:193-205.
[National evaluations conducted in the 1970s] Â·Chaloupka FJ. Rational addictive behavior and cigarette smoking. Journal of Political Economy 1991;99:722-42.
[National evaluations conducted in the 1970s] Â·Douglas S, Hariharan G. The hazard of starting smoking: estimates from a split population duration model. Journal of Health Economics 1994;13:213-30.
[National evaluations conducted in the 1970s] Â·Fujii ET. The demand for cigarettes: further empirical evidence and its implications for public policy. Applied Economics 1980;12:479-89.
[National evaluations conducted in the 1970s] Â·Lewit EM, Coate D. The potential for using excise taxes to reduce smoking. Journal of Health Economics 1982;1:121-45.
[National evaluations conducted in the 1970s] Â·Schneider L, Klein B, Murphy KM. Governmental regulation of cigarette health information. Journal of Law and Economics 1981;24:575-612.
[National evaluations conducted in the 1970s] Â·Young T. The demand for cigarettes: alternative specifications of Fujii's model. Applied Economics 1983;15:203-11.
[Canada] Galbraith JW, Kaiserman M. Taxation, smuggling and demand for cigarettes in Canada: Evidence from time-series data. Journal of Health Economics 1997;16:287-301.
[Canada ] Hamilton VH, Levinton C, St-Pierre Y, Grimard F. The effect of tobacco tax cuts on cigarette smoking in Canada. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1997;156:187-91.
[Canada] Mummery WK, Hagen LC. Tobacco pricing, taxation, consumption and revenue: Alberta 1985-1995. Canadian Journal of Public Health Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique 1996;87:314-6.
[United Kingdom] Jones A. UK demand for cigarettes 1954-1986, a double-hurdle approach. Journal of Health Economics 1989;133-41.
[United Kingdom] Townsend J, Roderick P, Cooper J. Cigarette smoking by socioeconomic group, sex, and age: effects of price, income, and health publicity. BMJ 1994;309:923-7.
[United Kingdom] Townsend JL. Cigarette tax, economic welfare, and social class patterns of smoking. Applied Economics 1987;19:355-65.
[Austria] Worgotter GF, Kunze M. Cigarette prices and cigarette consumption in Austria, 1955-1983. New York State Journal of Medicine 1986;86:478-9.
[Finland ] Pekurinen M. The demand for tobacco products in Finland. British Journal of Addiction 1989;84:1183-92.
[Switzerland (first of two reports counts as a stand-alone study)] Â·Leu R. The effects of cigarette price and anti-smoking publicity on cigarette consumption in Switzerland. Revue d Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique 1979;27:359-62.
[Switzerland (second of two reports count as a stand-alone study)] Â·Leu R. Anti-smoking publicity, taxation, and the demand for cigarettes. Journal of Health Economics 1984;3:101-16.
[New Zealand] Laugesen M, Meads C. Tobacco advertising restrictions, price, income and tobacco consumption in OECD countries, 1960-1986. British Journal of Addiction 1991;86:1343-54.

Mass Media Education: Cessation Series (15 qualifying studies)

Pierce JP, Gilpin E, Emery SL, White MM, Rosbrook B, Berry C. Has the California Tobacco Control Program Reduced Smoking? JAMA 1998;280:893-9.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cigarette smoking before and after an excise tax increase and an antismoking campaign-Massachusetts, 1990-1996. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1996;45:966-70.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Decline in cigarette consumption following implementation of a comprehensive tobacco prevention and education program-Oregon, 1996-1998. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48:140-3.
Cummings KM, Sciandra R, Davis S, Rimer BK. Results of an antismoking media campaign utilizing the Cancer Information Service. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs 1993;113-8.
Fortmann SP, Taylor CB, Flora JA, Jatulis DE. Changes in adult cigarette smoking prevalence after 5 years of community health education: the Stanford Five-City Project. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993;137:82-96.
Jenkins CN, McPhee SJ, Le A, Pham GQ, Ha NT, Stewart S. The effectiveness of a media-led intervention to reduce smoking among Vietnamese-American men. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87:1031-4.
Ledwith F. Immediate and delayed effects of postal advice on stopping smoking. Health Bulletin 1984;42:332-44.
Luepker RV, Murray DM, Jacobs DJ, et al. Community education for cardiovascular disease prevention: risk factor changes in the Minnesota Heart Health Program. American Journal of Public Health 1994;84:1383-93.
Marin G, Perez-Stable EJ. Effectiveness of disseminating culturally appropriate smoking-cessation information: Programa Latino Para Dejar de Fumar. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs 1995;155-63.
McAlister AL, Ramirez AG, Amezcua C, Pulley LV, et a. Smoking cessation in Texas-Mexico border communities: A quasi-experimental panel study. American Journal of Health Promotion 1992;6:274-9.
McPhee SJ, Jenkins CN, Wong C, et al. Smoking cessation intervention among Vietnamese Americans: a controlled trial. Tobacco Control 1997;4:s16-s24.
Meyer AJ. Skills training in a cardiovascular health education campaign. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1980;48:129-42.
Mudde AN, De VH, Dolders MG. Evaluation of a Dutch community-based smoking cessation intervention. Preventive Medicine 1995;24:61-70.
Pierce JP, Macaskill P, Hill D. Long-term effectiveness of mass media led antismoking campaigns in Australia. American Journal of Public Health 1990;80:565-9.
Vartiainen E, Puska P, Jousilahti P, Korhonen HJ, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Twenty-year trends in coronary risk factors in north Karelia and in other areas of Finland. International Journal of Epidemiology 1994;23:495-504.

Mass Media Education: Cessation Series (9 qualifying studies)

Mass Media Education: Cessation Contests (1 qualifying study)

Health Care Systems and Providers: Provider Reminder Systems (7 qualifying studies)

Health Care Systems and Providers: Provider Education Only (16 qualifying studies)

Dietrich AJ, O'Conner GT, Keller A, Carney PA, Levy D, Whaley FS. Cancer: improving early detection and prevention. A community practice randomised trial. BMJ 1992;304:687-91.
Strecher VJ, O'Malley MS, Villagra VG, et al. Can residents be trained to counsel patients about quitting smoking? Results from a randomized trial [see comments]. Journal of General Internal Medicine 1991;6:9-17.
Allen SS, Bland CJ, Dawson SJ. A mini-workshop to train medical students to use a patient-centered approach to smoking cessation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1990;6:28-33.
Carney PA, Dietrich AJ, Freeman DJ, Mott LA. A standardized-patient assessment of a continuing medical education program to improve physicians' cancer-control clinical skills. Academic Medicine 1995;70:52-8.
Cockburn J, Ruth D, Silagy C, et al. Randomised trial of three approaches for marketing smoking cessation programmes to Australian general practitioners. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed) 1992;:304-694.
Duncan C, Stein MJ, Cummings SR. Staff involvement and special follow-up time increase physicians' counseling about smoking cessation: a controlled trial. American Journal of Public Health 1991;81:899-901.
Giovino GA, Cummings KM, Koenigsberg MR, Sciandra RC. An evaluation of a physician training program on patient smoking cessation. Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 1990;339:27-48.
Klein JD, Portilla M, Goldstein A, Leininger L. Training pediatric residents to prevent tobacco use. Pediatrics 1995;96:326-30.
McIlvain HE, Susman JL, Manners MA, Davis CM, Gilbert CS. Improving smoking cessation counseling by family practice residents. Journal of Family Practice 1992;34:745-9.
Ockene JK, Lindsay EA, Hymowitz N, et al. Tobacco control activities of primary-care physicians in the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation. COMMIT Research Group. Tobacco Control 1997;6 Suppl 2:S49-S56.
Quirk M, Ockene J, Kristeller J, et al. Training family practice and internal medicine residents to counsel patients who smoke: improvement and retention of counseling skills. Family Medicine 1991;23:108-11.
Roche AM, Eccleston P, Sanson-Fisher R. Teaching smoking cessation skills to senior medical students: a block-randomized controlled trial of four different approaches. Preventive Medicine 1996;25:251-8.
Rodney WM, Nutter D, Widoff B. Recording patients' consumption of social drugs in a family medicine residency: a longitudinal study. Family Practice 1985;2:86-90.
Royce JM, Gorin SS, Edelman B, Rendino-Perrone R, Orlandi MA. Student nurses and smoking cessation. Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 1990;339:49-71.
Secker-Walker RH, Solomon LJ, Flynn BS, Skelly JM, Mead PB. Reducing smoking during pregnancy and postpartum: physician's advice supported by individual counseling. Preventive Medicine 1998;27:422-30.
Ward J, Sanson-Fisher R. Does a 3-day workshop for family medicine trainees improve preventive care? A randomized control trial. Preventive Medicine 1996;25:741-7.

Health Care Systems and Providers: Provider Reminder Plus Provider Education With or Without Patient Education (20 qualifying studies)

Dietrich AJ, O'Conner GT, Keller A, Carney PA, Levy D, Whaley FS. Cancer: improving early detection and prevention. A community practice randomised trial. BMJ 1992;304:687-91.
Strecher VJ, O'Malley MS, Villagra VG, et al. Can residents be trained to counsel patients about quitting smoking? Results from a randomized trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 1991;6:9-17.
Duncan C, Stein MJ, Cummings SR. Staff involvement and special follow-up time increase physicians' counseling about smoking cessation: a controlled trial. American Journal of Public Health 1991;81:899-901.
McIlvain HE, Susman JL, Manners MA, Davis CM, Gilbert CS. Improving smoking cessation counseling by family practice residents. Journal of Family Practice 1992;34:745-9.
Rodney WM, Nutter D, Widoff B. Recording patients' consumption of social drugs in a family medicine residency: a longitudinal study. Family Practice 1985;2:86-90.
Secker-Walker RH, Solomon LJ, Flynn BS, Skelly JM, Mead PB. Reducing smoking during pregnancy and postpartum: physician's advice supported by individual counseling. Preventive Medicine 1998;27:422-30.
Cohen SJ, Stookey GK, Katz BP, Drook CA, Smith DM. Encouraging primary care physicians to help smokers quit. A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 1989;110:648-52.
Cohen SJ, Stookey GK, Katz BP, Drook CA, Christen AG. Helping smokers quit: a randomized controlled trial with private practice dentists. Journal of the American Dental Association 1989;118:41-5.
Conger B, Nelson EC, Dietrich AJ, et al. Effectiveness of physician antismoking advice. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1987;3:223-6.
Cummings SR, Richard RJ, Duncan CL, et al. Training physicians about smoking cessation: a controlled trial in private practice. Journal of General Internal Medicine 1989;4:482-9.
Cummings SR, Coates TJ, Richard RJ, et al. Training physicians in counseling about smoking cessation. A randomized trial of the 'Quit for Life' program. Annals of Internal Medicine 1989;110:640-7.
Hartmann KE, Thorp JMJ, Pahel-Short L, Koch MA. A randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation intervention in pregnancy in an academic clinic. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1996;87:621-6.
Kottke TE, Solberg LI, Brekke ML, Conn SA, Maxwell P, Brekke MJ. A controlled trial to integrate smoking cessation advice into primary care practice: Doctors Helping Smokers, Round III. Journal of Family Practice 1992;34:701-8.
McPhee S, Bird J, Fordham D, Rodnick J. Promoting cancer prevention activities by primary care physicians: results of a randomized, controlled trial. JAMA 1991;266:538-44.
Morgan GD, Noll EL, Orleans CT, Rimer BK, Amfoh K, Bonney G. Reaching midlife and older smokers: tailored interventions for routine medical care. Preventive Medicine 1996;25:346-54.
Petersen L, Handel J, Kotch J, Podedworny T, Rosen A. Smoking reduction during pregnancy by a program of self-help and clinical support. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1992;79:924-30.
Stevens VJ, Severson H, Lichtenstein E, Little SJ, Leben J. Making the most of a teachable moment: a smokeless-tobacco cessation intervention in the dental office. American Journal of Public Health 1995;85:231-5.
Wall MA, Severson HH, Andrews JA, Lichtenstein E, Zoref L. Pediatric office-based smoking intervention: impact on maternal smoking and relapse. Pediatrics 1995;96:622-8.
Wilson DM, Taylor DW, Gilbert JR, et al. A randomized trial of a family physician intervention for smoking cessation. JAMA 1988;260:1570-4.
Manfredi C, Crittenden KS, Warnecke RB, Engler J, Cho YI, Shaligram C. Evaluation of a motivational smoking cessation intervention for women in public health clinics. Preventive Medicine 1999;28:51-60.

Health Care Systems and Providers: Provider Feedback (3 qualifying studies)

Health Care Systems and Providers: Reducing Patient Out-of Pocket Costs for Effective Cessation Therapies (5 qualifying studies)

Multicomponent Interventions That Include Patient Telephone Support (32 qualifying studies)

McFall SL, Michener A, Rubin D, et al. The effects and use of maintenance newsletters in a smoking cessation intervention. Addictive Behaviors 1993;18:151-8.
Duncan C, Stein MJ, Cummings SR. Staff involvement and special follow-up time increase physicians' counseling about smoking cessation: a controlled trial. American Journal of Public Health 1991;81:899-901.
Hartmann KE, Thorp JMJ, Pahel-Short L, Koch MA. A randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation intervention in pregnancy in an academic clinic. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1996;87:621-6.
Ockene JK, Kristeller J, Pbert L, et al. The physician-delivered smoking intervention project: can short-term interventions produce long-term effects for a general outpatient population? Health Psychology 1994;13:278-81.
Rigotti NA, Arnsten JH, McKool KM, Wood-Reid KM, Pasternak RC, Singer DE. Efficacy of a smoking cessation program for hospital patients. Archives of Internal Medicine 1997;157:2653-60.
Stevens VJ, Severson H, Lichtenstein E, Little SJ, Leben J. Making the most of a teachable moment: a smokeless-tobacco cessation intervention in the dental office. American Journal of Public Health 1995;85:231-5.
Manfredi C, Crittenden KS, Warnecke RB, Engler J, Cho YI, Shaligram C. Evaluation of a motivational smoking cessation intervention for women in public health clinics. Preventive Medicine 1999;28:51-60.
Hollis JF, Lichtenstein E, Vogt TM, Stevens VJ, Biglan A. Nurse-assisted counseling for smokers in primary care. Annals of Internal Medicine 1993;118:521-5.
Curry SJ, McBride C, Grothaus LC, Louie D, Wagner EH. A randomized trial of self-help materials, personalized feedback, and telephone counseling with nonvolunteer smokers. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1995;63:1005-14.
Decker BD, Evans RG. Efficacy of a minimal contact version of a multimodal smoking cessation program. Addictive Behaviors 1989;14:487-91.
Gebauer C, Kwo CY, Haynes EF, Wewers ME. A nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention during pregnancy. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 1998;27:47-53.
Glasgow RE, Whitlock EP, Eakin EG, Lichtenstein E. A brief smoking cessation intervention for women in low-income planned parenthood clinics. Am J Public Health 2000; 90:786-9.
Johnson JL, Budz B, Mackay M, Miller C. Evaluation of a nurse-delivered smoking cessation intervention for hospitalized patients with cardiac disease. Heart & Lung 1999;28:55-64.
Lando HA, Hellerstedt WL, Pirie PL, McGovern PG. Brief supportive telephone outreach as a recruitment and intervention strategy for smoking cessation. American Journal of Public Health 1992;82:41-6.
Lando HA, Pirie PL, Roski J, McGovern PG, Schmid LA. Promoting abstinence among relapsed chronic smokers: the effect of telephone support. American Journal of Public Health 1996;86:1786-90.
Lando HA, Rolnick S, Klevan D, Roski J, Cherney L, Lauger G. Telephone support as an adjunct to transdermal nicotine in smoking cessation. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87:1670-4.
Lewis SF, Piasecki TM, Fiore MC, Anderson JE, Baker TB. Transdermal nicotine replacement for hospitalized patients: a randomized clinical trial. Preventive Medicine 1998;27:296-303.
McBride CM, Curry SJ, Lando HA, Pirie PL, Grothaus LC, Nelson JC. Prevention of relapse in women who quit smoking during pregnancy. American Journal of Public Health 1999;89:706-11.
McBride CM, Scholes D, Grothaus LC, Curry SJ, Ludman E, Albright J. Evaluation of a minimal self-help smoking cessation intervention following cervical cancer screening. Prev Med 1999;29:133-8.
Miller N, Smith P, DeBusk RF, Sobel DS, Taylor CB. Smoking cessation in hospitalized patients: results of a randomized trial. Archives of Family Medicine 1997;157:409-15.
Orleans CT, Schoenbach VJ, Wagner EH, Quade D, et. Self-help quit smoking interventions: effects of self-help materials, social support instructions, and telephone counseling. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1991;59:439-48.
Orleans CT, Boyd NR, Bingler R, et al. A self-help intervention for African American smokers: tailoring cancer information service counseling for a special population. Preventive Medicine 1998;27:S61-S70.
Ossip-Klein DJ, Giovino GA, Megahed N, et al. Effects of a smoker's hotline: results of a 10-county self-help trial. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1991;59:325-32.
Ossip-Klein DJ, Carosella AM, Krusch DA. Self-help interventions for older smokers. Tobacco Control 1997;6:188-93.
Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Velicer WF, Rossi JS. Standardized, individualized, interactive, and personalized self-help programs for smoking cessation. Health Psychology 1993;12:399-405.
Sexton M, Hebel JR. A clinical trial of change in maternal smoking and its effect on birth weight. JAMA 1984;251:911-5.
Simon JA, Solkowitz SN, Carmody TP, Browner WS. Smoking cessation after surgery, a randomized trial. Arch Fam Med 1997:157:1371-6.
Stevens VJ, Glasgow RE, Hollis JF, Lichtenstein E, Vogt TM. A smoking-cessation intervention for hospital patients. Medical Care 1993;31:65-72.
Thompson B, Kinne S, Lewis FM, Woolridge JA. Randomized telephone smoking-intervention trial initially directed at blue-collar workers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs 1993;105-12.
Weissfeld JL, Holloway JL. Treatment for cigarette smoking in a Department of Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic. Archives of Internal Medicine 1991;151:973-7.
Westman EC, Levin ED, Rose JE. The nicotine patch in smoking cessation. A randomized trial with telephone counseling. Archives of Internal Medicine 1993;153:1917-23.
Zhu SH, Stretch V, Balabanis M, Rosbrook B, Sadler G, Pierce JP. Telephone counseling for smoking cessation: Effects of single-session and multiple-session interventions. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1996;64:202-11.

Studies Reviewed But Not Used

These are studies listed by topic reviewed, but not used in determining Task Force recommendations due to design suitability or quality of execution. Please click on the topic title or black triangle to expand and see the list under each topic.

Strategies to Reduce ETS: Smoking Bans and Restrictions

Abernathy T, O'Grady B, Dukeshire S. Changes in ETS following anti-smoking legislation. Canadian Journal of Public Health Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique 1998;89:33-4.
Amos A, White DA, Elton RA. Is a telephone helpline of value to the workplace smoker? Occupational Medicine 1995;45:234-8.
Andrews JJ. Reducing smoking in the hospital. An effective model program. Chest 1983;84:206-9.
Baile WF, Gibertini M, Ulschak F, Snow-Antle S, Hann D. Impact of a hospital smoking ban: changes in tobacco use and employee attitudes. Addictive Behaviors 1991;16:419-26.
Batlle E, Boixet M, Agudo A, Almirall J, Salvador T. Tobacco prevention in hospitals: long-term follow-up of a smoking control programme. British Journal of Addiction 1991;86:709-17.
Biener L, Abrams DB, Emmons K, Follick MJ. Evaluating worksite smoking policies. Methodologic issues. New York State Journal of Medicine 1989;89:5-10.
Borland R, Pierce JP, Burns DM, Gilpin E, Johnson M, Bal D. Protection from environmental tobacco smoke in California: the case for a smoke-free workplace. JAMA 1992;268:749-52.
Brenner H, Mielck A. Smoking prohibition in the workplace and smoking cessation in the Federal Republic of Germany. Preventive Medicine 1992;21:252-61.
Brenner H, Fleischle B. Smoking regulations at the workplace and smoking behavior: a study from southern Germany. Preventive Medicine 1994;23:230-4.
Brigham J, Gross J, Stitzer ML, Felch LJ. Effects of a restricted work-site smoking policy on employees who smoke. American Journal of Public Health 1994;84:773-8.
Burns DM, Shanks TG, Major JM, Gower KB, Shopland DR. Restrictions on smoking in the workplace. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 12, SL 2001-0129-P,2000.
Anonymous. Evaluation of an employee smoking policy-Pueblo, Colorado, 1989-90. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1990;39:673-6.
Daughton DM, Andrews CE, Orona CP, Patil KD, Rennard SI. Total indoor smoking ban and smoker behavior. Preventive Medicine 1992;21:670-6.
Eisner MD, Smith AK, Blanc PD. Bartenders' respiratory health after establishment of smoke-free bars and taverns. JAMA 1998;280:1909-14.
Emont SL, Choi WS, Novotny TE, Giovino GA. Clean indoor air legislation, taxation, and smoking behavior in the United States: an ecological analysis. Tob Control 1992;2:13-7.
Evans WN, Farrelly MC, Montgomery E. Do workplace smoking bans reduce smoking? The American Economic Review 1999;89:728-47.
Farkas AJ, Gilpin EA, Distefan JM, Pierce JP. The effects of household and workplace smoking restrictions on quitting behaviours. Tobacco Control 1999;8:261-5.
Farrelly MC, Evans WN, Sfekas A. The impact of workplace smoking bans: results from a national survey. Tobacco Control 1999;8:272-7.
Glasgow RE, Cummings KM, Hyland A. Relationship of worksite smoking policy to changes in employee tobacco use: findings from COMMIT. Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation. Tob Control 1997; 6(suppl 2):S44-S48.
Hammond SK, Sorensen G, Youngstrom R, Ockene JK. Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. JAMA 1995;274:956-60.
Hudzinski LG, Frohlich ED. One-year longitudinal study of a no-smoking policy in a medical institution. Chest 1990;97:1198-202.
Jeffery RW, Kelder SH, Forster JL, French SA, Lando HA, Baxter JE. Restrictive smoking policies in the workplace: effects on smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Preventive Medicine 1994;23:78-82.
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Patten CA, Gilpin E, Cavin SW, Pierce JP. Workplace smoking policy and changes in smoking behavior in California: a suggested association. Tob Control 1995;4:36-41
Paulozzi LJ, Spengler RF, Gower MA. An evaluation of the Vermont worksite smoking law. Public Health Rep 1992;107:724-6.
Petersen LR, Helgerson SD, Gibbons CM, Calhoun CR, Ciacco KH, Pitchford KC. Employee smoking behavior changes and attitudes following a restrictive policy on worksite smoking in a large company. Public Health Reports 1988;103:115-20.
Rigotti NA, Pikl BH, Cleary P, Dinger D.E., Mulley AG. The impact of banning smoking on a hospital ward: accepatance, compliance, air quality and smoking behavior. Clinical Research 1986;34:833A.
Rosenstock IM, Stergachis A, Heaney C. Evaluation of smoking prohibition policy in a health maintenance organization. American Journal of Public Health 1986;76:1014-5.
Scott CJ, Gerberich SG. Analysis of a smoking policy in the workplace. AAOHN Journal 1989;37:265-73.
Sorensen G, Rigotti NA, Rosen A, Pinney J, Prible R. Employee knowledge and attitudes about a work-site nonsmoking policy: rationale for further smoking restrictions. Journal of Occupational Medicine 1991;33:1125-30.
Sorensen G, Beder B, Prible CR, Pinney J. Reducing smoking at the workplace: implementing a smoking ban and hypnotherapy. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 1995;37:453-60.
Stave GM, Jackson GW. Effect of a total work-site smoking ban on employee smoking and attitudes. Journal of Occupational Medicine 1991;33:884-90.
Stephens T, Pederson LL, Koval JJ, Kim C. The relationship of cigarette prices and no-smoking bylaws to the prevalence of smoking in Canada. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87:1519-21.
Sussman S, Pentz MA, Hahn G. The relationship of a worksite no-smoking policy to employee smoking behavior and attitudes. Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 1990;339:119-31.
Tsushima WT, Shimizu AA. Effects of a no-smoking policy upon medical center employees. International Journal of the Addictions 1991;26:23-8.
Wakefield MA, Wilson D, Owen N, Esterman A, Roberts L. Workplace smoking restrictions, occupational status, and reduced cigarette consumption. Journal of Occupational Medicine 1992;34:693-7.
Willemsen MC, Meiger A, Jannink M. Applying a contingency model of strategic decision making to the implementation of smoking bans: a case study. Health Education Research 1999;14:519-31.

Strategies to Reduce ETS: Community Education to Reduce Exposure to ETS in the Home

Strategies to Reduce Tobacco Use Initiation by Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Increasing the Unit Price for Tobacco Products

Strategies to Reduce Tobacco Use Initiation by Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Mass Media Campaigns

Strategies to Increase Tobacco Use Cessation: Increasing the Unit Price of Tobacco Products

Mass Media Education: Cessation Series

Mass Media Education: Cessation Contests

Korhonen HJ, Niemensivu H, Piha T, et al. National TV smoking cessation program and contest in Finland. Preventive Medicine 1992;21:74-87.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Impact of promotion of the Great American Smokeout and availability of over-the-counter nicotine medications, 1996. MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1997;19;46:867-71.
Chapman S, Smith W, Mowbray G, Hugo C, Egger G. Quit and win smoking cessation contests: how should effectiveness be evaluated? Preventive Medicine 1993;22:423-32.
Chapman S, Smith W. Deception in quit smoking lottery entrants. American Journal of Health Promotion 8, 328-330. 1994.
Donovan RJ, Fisher DA, Armstrong BK. 'Give it away for a day': an evaluation of Western Australia's first smoke free day. Community Health Studies 1984;8:301-6.
Elder JP, McGraw SA, Rodrigues A, et al. Evaluation of two community-wide smoking cessation contests. Preventive Medicine 1987;16:221-34.
Elder JP, Campbell NR, Mielchen SD, Hovell MF, Litrownik AJ. Implementation and evaluation of a community-sponsored smoking cessation contest. American Journal of Health Promotion 1991;5:200-7.
Glasgow RE, Klesges RC, Mizes JS, Pechacek TF. Quitting smoking: strategies used and variables associated with success in a stop-smoking contest. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1985;53:905-12.
Gritz ER, Carr CR, Marcus AC. Unaided smoking cessation: Great American Smokeout and New Year's Day quitters. Special Issue: Clinical research issues in psychosocial oncology. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology 1988;6:217-34.
Hantula D, Stillman FA, Waranch HR. Can a mass media campaign modify tobacco smoking in a large organization? Evaluation of the Great American Smokeout in an urban hospital. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 1992;13:33-47.
King AC, Flora JA, Fortmann SP, Taylor CB. Smokers' challenge: immediate and long-term findings of a community smoking cessation contest. American Journal of Public Health 1987;77:1340-1.
Korhonen T, Urjanheimo E, Mannonen P, Korhonen HJ, Uutela A, Puska P. Quit and Win campaigns as a long-term anit-smoking intervention in North Karelia and other parts of Finland. Tobacco Control 8, 175-181. 1999.
Lando HA, Loken B, Howard-Pitney B, Pechacek T. Community impact of a localized smoking cessation contest. American Journal of Public Health 1990;80:601-3.
Lando HA, Pirie PL, Dusich KH, Elsen C, Bernards J. Community incorporation of quit and win contests in Bloomington, Minnesota. American Journal of Public Health 1995;85:263-4.
Leinweber CE, Macdonald JM, Campbell HS. Community smoking cessation contests: an effective public health strategy. Canadian Journal of Public Health 1994;85:95-8.
Resnicow K, Vaughan R, Futterman R, et al. A self-help smoking cessation program for inner-city African Americans: results from the Harlem Health Connection Project. Health Education and Behavior 1997;24:201-17.
Tillgren P, Haglund BJ, Ainetdin T, Holm LE. Who is a successful quitter? One-year follow-up of a National Tobacco Quit and Win Contest in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 1995;23:193-201.
Resnicow K, Royce J, Vaughan R, Orlandi MA, Smith M. Analysis of a multicomponent smoking cessation project: what worked and why. Preventive Medicine 1997;26:373-81.
Tillgren P, Haglund BJ, Gilljam H, Holm LE. A tobacco quit and win model in the Stockholm cancer prevention programme. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 1992;1:361-6.

Health Care Systems and Providers: Provider Reminder Systems

Health Care Systems and Providers: Provider Education Only

Health Care Systems and Providers: Provider Reminder Plus Provider Education With or Without Patient Education

Russell MA, Stapleton JA, Jackson PH, Hajek P, Belcher M. District programme to reduce smoking: effect of clinic supported brief intervention by general practitioners. British Medical Journal Clinical Research Ed 1987;295:1240-4.
Allen B, Pederson LL, Leonard EH. Effectiveness of physicians-in-training counseling for smoking cessation in African Americans. Journal of the National Medical Association 1998;90:597-604.
Davies BL, Matte-Lewis L, O'Connor AM, Dulberg CS, Drake ER. Evaluation of the 'Time to quit' self-help smoking cessation program. Canadian Journal of Public Health 1992;83(1):19-23 Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique.
Gilbert JR, Wilson DM, Singer J, et al. A family physician smoking cessation program: an evaluation of the role of follow-up visits. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1992;8:91-5.
Goldberg DN, Hoffman AM, Farinha MF, Marder DC. Physician delivery of smoking-cessation advice based on the stages-of-change model. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1994;10(5):267-74.
Hovell MF, Slymen DJ, Jones JA, et al. An adolescent tobacco-use prevention trial in orthodontic offices. American Journal of Public Health 1996;86:1760-6.
Kosower E, Ernst A, Taub B, Berman N, Andrews J, Seidel J. Tobacco prevention education in a pediatric residency program. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 1995;149:430-5.
Kottke TE, Brekke ML, Solberg LI, Hughes JR. A randomized trial to increase smoking intervention by physicians. Doctors Helping Smokers, Round I. JAMA 1989;261:2101-6.
Narce-Valente S, Kligman EW. Increasing physician screening and counseling for passive smoking. Journal of Family Practice 1992;34:722-8.
Ockene JK, Kristeller J, Pbert L, et al. The physician-delivered smoking intervention project: can short-term interventions produce long-term effects for a general outpatient population? Health Psychology 1994;13:278-81.
Richmond R, Mendelsohn C, Kehoe L. Family physicians' utilization of a brief smoking cessation program following reinforcement contact after training: a randomized trial. Preventive Medicine 1998;27:77-83.
Rigotti NA, Arnsten JH, McKool KM, Wood-Reid KM, Pasternak RC, Singer DE. Efficacy of a smoking cessation program for hospital patients. Archives of Internal Medicine 1997;157:2653-60.
Solberg LI, Maxwell PL, Kottke TE, Gepner GJ, Brekke ML. A systematic primary care office-based smoking cessation program. Journal of Family Practice 1990;30:647-54.
Windsor RA, Lowe JB, Perkins LL, et al. Health education for pregnant smokers: its behavioral impact and cost benefit. American Journal of Public Health 1993;83:201-6.
Leshan LA, Fitzsimmons M, Marbella A, Gottlieb M. Increasing clinical prevention efforts in a family practice residency program through CQI methods. Journal on Quality Improvement 1997;23:391-400.
Sinclair HK, Bond CM, Lennox AS, Silcock J, Windfield AJ, Donnan PT. Training pharmacists and pharmacy assistants in the stage-of-change model of smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial in Scotland. Tobacco Control 1998;7:253-61.
Hollis JF, Lichtenstein E, Vogt TM, Stevens VJ, Biglan A. Nurse-assisted counseling for smokers in primary care. Annals of Internal Medicine 1993;118:521-5.
Secker-Walker RH, Solomon LJ, Flynn BS, et al. Training obstetric and family practice residents to give smoking cessation advice during prenatal care. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 1992;166:1356-63.
Manfredi C, Crittenden KS, Cho YI, Engler J, Warnecke RB. The effect of structured smoking cessation program, independent of exposure to existing interventions. American Journal of Public Health 2000;90:751-6.
Manfredi C, Crittenden KS, Cho YI, Engler J, Warnecke RB. Minimal smoking cessation interventions in prenatal, family planning, and well-child public health clinics. American Journal of Public Health 2000;90:423-7.
Hebert JR, Kristeller J, Ockene JK, et al. Patient characteristics and the effect of three physician-delivered smoking interventions. Preventive Medicine 1992;21:557-73.
Kottke TE, Solberg LI, Conn S, et al. A comparison of two methods to recruit physicians to deliver smoking cessation interventions. Archives of Internal Medicine 1990;150:1477-81.
Lindsay-McIntyre E, Wilson D, Best JA, et al. The impact of a continuing education package for smoking cessation on physicians' clinical behavior and patient smoking. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Research in Medical Education 1987;26:14-9.
Little SJ, Stevens VJ, Severson HH, Lichtenstein E. Effective smokeless tobacco intervention for dental hygiene patients. Journal of Dental Hygiene 1992;66:185-90.
Ockene JK, Kristeller J, Goldberg R, et al. Increasing the efficacy of physician-delivered smoking interventions: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 1991;6:1-8.
Rosal MC, Ockene JK, Hurley TG, Kalan K, Hebert JR. Effectiveness of nicotine-containing gum in the Physician-Delivered Smoking Intervention Study. Preventive Medicine 1998;27:262-7.
Cohen SJ, Christen AG, Katz BP, et al. Counseling medical and dental patients about cigarette smoking: the impact of nicotine gum and chart reminders. American Journal of Public Health 1987;77:313-6.
Lindsay EA, Wilson D, Best JA, Singer J, Gilbert JR, Taylor DW. A randomized trial of physician training for smoking cessation. American Journal of Health Promotion 1989;3:11-8.
Windsor RA, Lowe JB, Artz L, Contreras L. Smoking cessation and pregnancy intervention trial: preliminary mid-trial results. Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 1990;339:107-17.
Hollis JF, Lichtenstein E, Mount K, Vogt TM, Stevens VJ. Nurse-assisted smoking counseling in medical settings: minimizing demands on physicians. Preventive Medicine 1991;20:497-507.
Lichtenstein E, Hollis J. Patient referral to a smoking cessation program: who follows through? Journal of Family Practice 1992;34:739-44.
Whitlock EP, Vogt TM, Hollis JF, Lichtenstein E. Does gender affect response to a brief clinic-based smoking intervention? American Journal of Medicine 1997;13:159-66.

Health Care Systems and Providers: Provider Feedback

Multicomponent Interventions That Include Patient Telephone Support