These are qualifying studies listed by topic, included in the evidence base. Please click on the topic title or black triangle to expand and see the list under each topic.
Point-of-decision prompts (to encourage stair use)(5 qualifying studies)
Andersen RE, Franckowiak SC, Snyder J, Bartlett SJ, Fontaine KR. Can inexpensive signs encourage the use of stairs? Results from a community intervention. Ann Intern Med 1998;129(5):363-369.- Blamey A, Mutrie N, Aitchison T. Health promotion by encouraged use of stairs. BMJ 1995;311:289-290.
- Brownell KD, Stunkard AJ, Albaum JM. Evaluation and modification of exercise patterns in the natural environment. American Journal of Psychiatry 1980;137:1540-1545.
- Kerr J, Eves F, Carroll D. Posters can prompt less active people to use the stairs. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54(12):942.
- Russell W, Dzewaltowski D, Ryan G. The effectiveness of a point-of-decision prompt in deterring sedentary behavior. Am J Health Promotion 1999;13(5):257-259.
Community-wide campaigns (10 qualifying studies)
- Goodman RM, Wheeler FC, Lee PR. Evaluation of the Heart To Heart Project: lessons from a community- based chronic disease prevention project. Am J Health Promot 1995;9(6):443-455.
- Jason LA, Greiner BJ, Naylor K, Johnson SP, Van Egeren L. A large-scale, short-term, media-based weight loss program. Am J Health Promot 1991;5(6):432-437.
- Luepker RV, Murray DM, Jacobs DJ, et al. Community education for cardiovascular disease prevention: risk factor changes in the Minnesota Heart Health Program. Am J Public Health 1994;84(9):1383-1393.
- Malmgren S, Andersson G. Who were reached by and participated in a one year newspaper health information campaign? Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 1986;14(3):133-140.
- Meyer AJ. Skills training in a cardiovascular health education campaign. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1980;48(2):129-142.
- Osler M, Jespersen NB. The effect of a community-based cardiovascular disease prevention project in a Danish municipality. Danish Medical Bulletin 1993;40:485-489.
- Owen N, Bauman A, Booth M, Oldenburg B, Magnus P. Serial mass-media campaigns to promote physical activity: reinforcing or redundant? Am J Public Health 1995;85:244-248.
- Tudor-Smith C, Nutbeam D, Moore L, Catford J. Effects of the Heartbeat Wales programme over five years on behavioural risks for cardiovascular disease: quasi-experimental comparison of results from Wales and a matched reference area. BMJ 1998;316(7134):818-822.
- Wimbush E, MacGregor A, Fraser E. Impacts of a national mass media campaign on walking in Scotland. Health Promotion International 1998;13(1):45-53.
- Young DR, Haskell WL, Taylor CB, Fortmann SP. Effect of community health education on physical activity knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144(3):264-274.
Mass media campaigns (3 qualifying studies)
- Booth
M, Bauman A, Oldenburg B, Owen
N, Magnus P. Effects of a national
mass-media campaign on physical
activity participation. Health Promotion International 1992; 7(4):241-247.
- Jason
LA, Greiner BJ, Naylor K, Johnson
SP, Van Egeren L. A large-scale,
short-term, media-based weight
loss program. Am J Health Promot
1991;5(6):432-437.
- Meyer
AJ. Skills training in a cardiovascular
health education campaign. Journal of Consulting & Clinical
Psychology 1980;48(2):129-142.
Classroom-based health education focused on information provision (10 qualifying studies)
- Bush PJ, Zuckerman AE, Theiss PK, Taggart VS, Horowitz C, Sheridan MJ, Walter HJ. Cardiovascular risk factor prevention in black schoolchildren: two-year results of the 'Know Your Body' program. American Journal of Epidemiology 1989;129(3): 466-482.
- Dale D, Corbin CB. Physical activity participation of high school graduates following exposure to conceptual or traditional physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 2000;71(1):61-68.
- Davis SM, Lambert LC, Gomez Y, Skipper B. Southwest cardiovascular curriculum project: study findings for American Indian elementary students. Journal of Health Education 1995;26:S72-S81.
- Holcomb JD, Lira J, Kingery PM, Smith DW, Lane D, Goodway J. Evaluation of Jump Into Action: a program to reduce the risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in school children on the Texas-Mexico border. Journal of School Health 1998;68(7):282-288.
- Killen JD, Robinson TN, Telch MJ, et al. The Stanford Adolescent Heart Health Program. Health Educ Q 1989;16(2):263-283.
- Marcus AC, Wheeler RC, Cullen JW, Crane LA. Quasi-experimental evaluation of the Los Angeles Know Your Body Program: knowledge, beliefs, and self-reported behaviors. Prev Med 1987;16:803-815.
- Perry CL, Klepp KI, Dudovitz B, Golden D, Griffin, Smyth M. Promoting healthy eating and physical activity patterns among adolescents: a pilot study of 'Slice of Life.' Health Education Quarterly 1987;2:93-103.
- Petchers MK, Hirsch EZ, Bloch BA. A longitudinal study of the impact of a school heart health curriculum. Journal of Community Health 1988;13(2):85-94.
- Walter H. Primary prevention of chronic disease among children: the school-based “Know Your Body” intervention trials. Health Educ Q 1989;16(2):201-214.
- Walter HJ, Hofman A, Connelly PA, Barrett LT, Kost KL. Coronary heart disease prevention in childhood: one-year results of a randomized intervention study. Am J Prev Med 1986;2(4):239-245.
School-based physical education (14 qualifying studies)
- Donnelly JE, Jacobsen DJ, Whatley JE, et al. Nutrition and physical activity program to attenuate obesity and promote physical and metabolic fitness in elementary school children. Obesity Research 1996;4:229-243.
- Dwyer T, Coonan WE, Leitch DR, Hetzel BS, Baghurst RA. An investigation of the effects of daily physical activity on the health of primary school students in South Australia. International Journal of Epidemiology 1983;12(3):308-313.
- Edmundson E, Parcel GS, Perry CL, Feldman HA. The effects of the child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health intervention on psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk behavior among third-grade students. American Journal of Health Promotion 1996, 217-225 1996;10(3):217-225.
- Ewart CK, Young DR, Hagberg JM. Effects of school-based aerobic exercise on blood pressure in adolescent girls at risk for hypertension. American Journal of Public Health 88, 949-951. 1998.
- Fardy PS, White RE, Haltiwanger-Schmitz K, et al. Coronary disease risk factor reduction and behavior modification in minority adolescents: the PATH program. Journal of Adolescent Health 1996;18(4):247-253.
- Harrell JS, McMurray RG, Bangdiwala SI, Frauman AC, Gansky SA, Bradley CB. Effects of a school-based intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in elementary-school children: The Cardiovascular Health in Children (CHIC) Study. Journal of Pediatrics 1996;128:797-805.
- Hopper CA, Gruber MB, Munoz KD, Herb RA. Effect of including parents in a school-based exercise and nutrition program for children. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 1992;63(3):315-321.
- Hopper CA, Munoz KD, Gruber MB, MacConnie S. A school-based cardiovascular exercise and nutrition program with parent participation: an evaluation study. Children's Health Care 1996;25(3):221-235.
- Manios Y, Moschandreas J, Hatzis C, Kafatos A. Evaluation of a health and nutrition education program in primary school children of Crete over a three-year period. Preventive Medicine 1999;28(2):149-159.
- McKenzie TL, Nader PR, Strikmiller PK, et al. School physical education: effect of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Preventive Medicine 1996;25(4):423-431.
- McKenzie TL, Sallis JF, Kolody B, Faucette FN. Long-term effects of a physical education curriculum and staff development program: SPARK. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 1997;68(4):280-291.
- Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Faucette N, Hovell MF. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87(8):1328-1334.
- Simons-Morton BG, Parcel GS, Baranowski T, Forthofer R, O'Hara NM. Promoting physical activity and a healthful diet among children: results of a school-based intervention study. American Journal of Public Health 1991;81:986-991.
- Vandongen R, Jenner DA, Thompson C, et al. A controlled evaluation of a fitness and nutrition intervention program on cardiovascular health in 10- to 12-year-old children. Prev Med 1995;24(1):9-22.
College-based health education and physical education (3 qualifying studies)
- Calfas KJ, Sallis JF, Nichols JF, et al. Project GRAD: two-year outcomes of a randomized controlled physical activity intervention among young adults. Graduate Ready for Activity Daily. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2000;18(1):28-37.
- Epstein LH, Wing RR, Thompson JK, Griffin W. Attendance and fitness in aerobics exercise: The effects of contract and lottery procedures. Behavior Modification 1980; 4(4) 465-479.
- Sallis JF, Calfas KJ, Nichols JF, et al. Evaluation of a university course to promote physical activity: Project GRAD. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 1999;70(1):1-10.
Classroom-based health education focused on reducing television viewing and video game playing (3 qualifying studies)
- Gortmaker SL, Peterson K, Wiecha J, et al. Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth: Planet Health. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 1999;153(4):409-418.
- Gortmaker SL, Cheung LW, Peterson KE, et al. Impact of a school-based interdisciplinary intervention on diet and physical activity among urban primary school children: eat well and keep moving. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 1999;153(9):975-983.
- Robinson TN. Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999;282(16):1561-1567.
Family-based social support (11 qualifying studies)
- Baranowski T, Simons-Morton B, Hooks P, et al. A center-based program for exercise change among black-American families. Health Education Quarterly 1990;17(2):179-196.
- Bishop P, Donnelly JE. Home based activity program for obese children. American Corrective Therapy Journal 1987;41(1):12-19.
- Davis SM, Lambert LC, Gomez Y, Skipper B. Southwest cardiovascular curriculum project: study findings for American Indian elementary students. Journal of Health Education 1995;26:S72-S81.
- Edmundson E, Parcel GS, Perry CL, Feldman HA. The effects of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health intervention on psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk behavior among third-grade students. American Journal of Health Promotion 1996;10(3):217-225.
- Hopper CA, Gruber MB, Munoz KD, Herb RA. Effect of including parents in a school-based exercise and nutrition program for children. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 1992;63(3):315-321.
- Hopper CA, Munoz KD, Gruber MB, MacConnie S. A school-based cardiovascular exercise and nutrition program with parent participation: an evaluation study. Children's Health Care 1996;25(3):221-235.
- Johnson CC, Nicklas TA, Arbeit ML, et al. Cardiovascular intervention for high-risk families: the Heart Smart Program. Southern Medical Journal 1991;84(11):1305-1312.
- Manios Y, Moschandreas J, Hatzis C, Kafatos A. Evaluation of a health and nutrition education program in primary school children of Crete over a three-year period. Preventive Medicine 1999;28(2):149-159.
- Nader PR, Baranowski T, Vanderpool NA, Dunn K, Dworkin R, Ray L. The family health project: cardiovascular risk reduction education for children and parents. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 1983;4(1):3-10.
- Nader PR, Sallis JF, Patterson TL, et al. A family approach to cardiovascular risk reduction: results from the San Diego Family Health Project. Health Education Quarterly 1989;16(2):229-244.
- Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Faucette N, Hovell MF. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87(8):1328-1334.
Social support interventions in community settings (8 qualifying studies)
- Avila P, Hovell MF. Physical activity training for weight loss in Latinas: a controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders 1994;18(7):476-482.
- Jason LA, Greiner BJ, Naylor K, Johnson SP, Van Egeren L. A large-scale, short-term, media-based weight loss program. Am J Health Promot 1991;5(6):432-437.
- King AC, Taylor CB, Haskell WL, Debusk RF. Strategies for increasing early adherence to and long-term maintenance of home-based exercise training in healthy middle-aged men and women. Am J Cardiol 1988;61(8):628-632.
- King C, Frederiksen LW. Low-cost strategies for increasing exercise behavior: Relapse preparation training and social support. Behavior Modification 1984;8(1):3-21.
- Kriska AM, Bayles C, Cauley JA, LaPorte RE, Sandler RB, Pambianco G. A randomized exercise trial in older women: increased activity over two years and the factors associated with compliance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 1986;18(5):557-562.
- Lombard DN, Lombard TN, Winett RA. Walking to meet health guidelines: the effect of prompting frequency and prompt structure. Health Psychology 1995;14(2):164-170.
- Simmons D, Fleming C, Voyle J, Fou F, Feo S, Gatland B. A pilot urban church-based programme to reduce risk factors for diabetes among Western Samoans in New Zealand. Diabetic Medicine 1998;15(2):136-142.
- Wankel LM, Yardley JK, Graham J. The effects of motivational interventions upon the exercise adherence of high and low self-motivated adults. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences 1985;10(3):147-156.
Individually-adapted health behavior change programs (18 qualifying studies)
- Blair SN, Collingwood TR, Reynolds R, Smith M, Hagan RD, Sterling CL. Health promotion for educators: impact on health behaviors, satisfaction, and general well-being. American Journal of Public Health 1984;74(2):147-149.
- Cardinal BJ, Sachs ML. Prospective analysis of stage-of-exercise movement following mail-delivered, self-instructional exercise packets. American Journal of Health Promotion 1995;9:430-432.
- Chen A. A home-based behavioral intervention to promote walking in sedentary ethnic minority women: project WALK. Womens Health 1998;4(1):19-39.
- Coleman KJ, Raynor HR, Mueller DM, Cerny FJ, Dorn JM, Epstein LH. Providing sedentary adults with choices for meeting their walking goals. Preventive Medicine 1999;28(5):510-519.
- Dunn AL, Marcus BH, Kampert JB, Garcia ME, Kohl HW III, Blair SN. Comparison of lifestyle and structured interventions to increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized trial. JAMA 1999;281(4):327-334.
- Foreyt JP, Goodrick GK, Reeves RS, Raynaud AS. Response of free-living adults to behavioral treatment of obesity: attrition and compliance to exercise. Behavior Therapy 1993;24 (4),659-669.
- Jarvis KL, Friedman Robert H, Timothy Heeren, Cullinane Paula M. Older women and physical activity: using the telephone to walk. Women's Health Issues 1997;7:24-9.
- Jeffery RW, Wing RR, Thorson C, Burton LR. Use of personal trainers and financial incentives to increase exercise in a behavioral weight-loss program. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1998;66(5):777-783.
- Jette AMP, Lachman MP, Giorgetti MMM, et al. Exercise-it's never too late: The Strong-for-Life Program. American Journal of Public Health 1999;89(1):66-72.
- Kanders BS, Ullmann-Joy P, Foreyt JP, et al. The black American lifestyle intervention (BALI): the design of a weight loss program for working-class African-American women. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1994;94(3):310-312.
- King A, Haskell WL, Taylor CB, Kraemer HC, DeBusk RF. Group vs home based exercise training in healthy older men and women. JAMA 1991;266(11):1535-1542.
- Marcus B, Emmons KM, Simkin-Silverman LR, et al. Evaluation of motivationally tailored vs. standard self-help physical activity interventions at the workplace. Am J Health Promotion 1998;12(4):246-253.
- Mayer JA, Jermanovich A, Wright BL, Elder JP, Drew JA, Williams SJ. Changes in health behaviors of older adults: the San Diego Medicare Preventive Health Project. Preventive Medicine 1994;23(2):127-133.
- McAuley E, Courneya KS, Rudolph DL, Lox CL. Enhancing exercise adherence in middle-aged males and females. Preventive Medicine 1994;23(4):498-506.
- Noland MP. The effects of self-monitoring and reinforcement on exercise adherence. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 1989;60(3):216-224.
- Owen N, Lee C, Naccarella L, Haag K. Exercise by mail: a mediated behavior-change program for aerobic exercise. Journal of Sport Psychology 1987;9(4):346-357.
- Peterson TR, Aldana SG. Improving exercise behavior: an application of the stages of change model in a worksite setting. American Journal of Health Promotion 1999;13(4):229-232.
- Wing RR, Jeffery RW, Pronk N, Hellerstedt WL. Effects of a personal trainer and financial incentives on exercise adherence in overweight women in a behavioral weight loss program. Obesity Research 1996;4(5):457-462.
Environmental and Policy Approaches to Increasing Activity: Creation of or enhanced access to places for physical activity combined with informational outreach activities (10 qualifying studies)
- Bertera RL. Behavioral risk factor and illness day changes with workplace health promotion: two-year results. Am J Health Promot 1993;7(5):365-373.
- Blair SN, Piserchia PV, Wilbur CS, Crowder JH. A public health intervention model for work-site health promotion. Impact on exercise and physical fitness in a health promotion plan after 24 months. JAMA 1986;255(7):921-926.
- Brownson RC, Smith CA, Pratt M, et al. Preventing cardiovascular disease through community-based risk reduction: the Bootheel Heart Health Project. American Journal of Public Health 1996;86(2):206-213.
- Heirich MA, Foote A, Erfurt JC, Konopka B. Work-site physical fitness programs: comparing the impact of different program designs on cardiovascular risks. Journal of Occupational Medicine 1993;35:510-517.
- Henritze J, Brammell HL, McGloin J. LIFECHECK: a successful, low touch, low tech, in-plant, cardiovascular disease risk identification and modification program. Am J Health Promot 1992;7(2):129-136.
- King AC, Carl F, Birkel L, Haskell WL. Increasing exercise among blue-collar employees: the tailoring of worksite programs to meet specific needs. Preventive Medicine 1988;17(3):357-365.
- Larsen P, Simons N. Evaluating a federal health and fitness program: indicators of improving health. AAOHN Journal 1993;41(3):143-148.
- Lewis CE, Raczynski JM, Heath GW, Levinson R, Cutter GR. Physical activity of public housing residents in Birmingham, Alabama. American Journal of Public Health 1993;83(7):1016-1020.
- Linenger JM, Chesson CV, Nice DS. Physical fitness gains following simple environmental change. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1991;7(5):298-310.
- Ostwald SK. Changing employees' dietary and exercise practices: an experimental study in a small company. Journal of Occupational Medicine 1989;31(2):90-97.
