Studies on Preventing Skin Cancer CDC Guide to Community Preventive Services
(Checkmark This paper qualified appears on qualified studies)
List of identified and reviewed studies* by intervention type: Preventing Skin Cancer
Qualified Studies
These are topics of qualifying studies included in the evidence base.
Interventions in Child Care Centers
  1. This paper qualifiedLoescher LJ, Emerson J, Taylor A, Christensen DH, McKinney M. Educating preschoolers about Sun Safety. Am J Public Health 1995;85(7):939-43.
  2. This paper qualifiedCrane LA, Schneider LS, Yohn JJ, Morelli JG, Plomer KD. 'Block the Sun, Not the Fun': Evaluation of a Skin Cancer Prevention Program for child Care Centers. American Jouranl of Preventative Medicine 1999;17(1):31-7.
Interventions in Primary School
  1. This paper qualifiedBastuji-Garin S, Grob JJ, Grognard C, Grosjean F. Melanoma prevention: evaluation of a Health Education Campaign for Primary Schools. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:936-40.
  2. This paper qualifiedBuller DB, Buller MK, Beach B, Ertl G. Sunny days, healthy ways: evaluation of a skin cancer prevention curriculum for elementary school-aged children. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1996;35(6):911-22.
  3. This paper qualifiedBuller DB, Hall JR, Powers PJ, et al. Evaluation of the 'Sunny Days, Healthy Ways' sun safety CD-ROM program for children in grades 4 and 5. Cancer Prev Control 1999;3(3):188-95.
  4. This paper qualifiedBuller MK, Goldberg G, Buller DB. SunSmart Day: A Pilot Program for photoprotection education. Pediatric Dermatology 1997;14(4):257-63.
  5. This paper qualifiedBuller MK, Loescher LJ, Buller DB. 'Sunshine and skin health': a curriculum for skin cancer prevention education. Journal of Cancer Education 1994;9(3):155-62.
  6. This paper qualifiedDeLong M, LaBat K, Gahring S, Nelson N, Leung L. Implications of an educational intervention program designed to increase young adolescents' awareness of hats for sun protection. Clothing & Textiles Research Journal 1999;17(2):73-83.
  7. This paper qualifiedGirgis A, Sanson-Fisher RW, Tripodi DA, Golding T. Evaluation of interventions to improve solar protection in primary schools. Health Education Quarterly 1993;20(2):275-87.
  8. This paper qualifiedGooderham MJ, Guenther L. Sun and the skin: evaluation of a sun awareness program for elementary school students and the skin: evaluation of a sun awareness program for elementary school students. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine & Surgery 1999;3(5):230-5.
  9. This paper qualifiedGrant-Petersson J, Dietrich AJ, Sox CH, Winchell CW, Stevens MM. Promoting sun protection in elementary schools and child care settings: the SunSafe Project. Journal of School Health 1999;69(3):100-6.
  10. This paper qualifiedHoffmann RG, III, Rodrigue JR, Johnson JH. - Effectiveness of a school-based program to enhance knowledge of sun exposure: Attitudes toward sun exposure and sunscreen use among children. - Children's Health Care 1999;28(1):Win-86.
  11. This paper qualifiedHornung RL, Lennon PA, Garrett JM, DeVellis RF, Weinberg PD, Strecher VJ. Interactive Computer Technology for Skin Cancer Prevention Targeting Children. American Jouranl of Preventative Medicine 2000;18(1):69-76.
  12. This paper qualifiedHughes AS. Sun protection and younger Children: lessons from the Living with Sunshine program. Journal of School Health 1994;64(5):201-4.
  13. This paper qualifiedLabat KL, DeLong MR, Gahring S. Evaluation of a skin cancer intervention program for youth. J Family Consumer Sci 1996;88:3-10.
  14. This paper qualifiedMcWhirter JM, Collins M, Bryant I, Wetton NM, Bishop JN. Evaluating 'Safe in the Sun', a curriculum programme for primary schools. Health Educ Res 2000;15(2):203-17.
  15. This paper qualifiedMilne E, English DR, Johnston R, et al. Improved sun protection behaviour in children after two years of the Kidskin intervention. Aust N Z J Public Health 2000;24(5):481-7.
  16. This paper qualifiedReding DJ, Fischer V, Gunderson P, Lappe K. Skin cancer prevention: a peer education model. Wisconsin Medical Journal 1995;94(2):77-81.
  17. This paper qualifiedReding DJ, Fischer V, Gunderson P, Lappe K, Anderson H, Calvert G. Teens teach skin cancer prevention. Journal of rural health 1996;12((4 suppl S)):2650272.
  18. This paper qualifiedSchofield MJ, Edwards K, Pearce R. Effectiveness of two strategies for dissemination of sun-protection policy in New South Wales primary and secondary schools. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1997;21(7):743-50.
  19. This paper qualifiedThornton C, Piacquadio DJ. Promoting Sun Awareness: Evaluation of an Educational Children's Book. Pediatrics 1996;98(1):52-5.
  20. This paper qualifiedVitols P, Oates RK. Teaching children about skin cancer prevention: why wait for adolescence? Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1997;21(6):602-5.
Interventions in Secondary Schools and Colleges
  1. This paper qualifiedBernharndt J. Tailoring Messages and Design in a Web-based Skin cancer prevention intervention. International Electronic Journal of Health Education: 2001;4:290-7.
  2. This paper qualifiedCody R, Lee C. Behaviors, beliefs, and intentions in skin cancer prevention. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1990;13(4):373-89.
  3. This paper qualifiedJones JL, Leary MR. Effect of appearance-based admonitions against sun exposure on tanning intentions in young adults. Health Psychology 1994;13(1):86-90.
  4. This paper qualifiedKatz RC, Jernigan S. Brief report: an empirically derived educational program for detecting and preventing skin cancer. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1991;14(4):421-8.
  5. This paper qualifiedLowe JB, Balanda KP, Stanton WR, Gillespie AM. Evaluation of a Three -Year School-Based Intervention to Increase Adolescent Sun Protection. Health Education and Behaviour 1999;26(3):396-408.
  6. This paper qualifiedMahler HI, M, Fitzpatrick B, Parker P, Lapin A. The relative effects of a health-based versus an appearance-based intervention designed to increase sunscreen use. - American Journal of Health Promotion 1997;11(6):426-9.
  7. This paper qualifiedMermelstein RJ, Riesenberg LA. Changing knowledge and attitudes about skin cancer risk factors in adolescents. Health Psychology 1992;11(6):371-6.
  8. This paper qualifiedMickler TJ, Rodrigue JR, Lescano CM. A comparison of three methods of teaching skin self-examinations. - Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 1999;6(3):273-86.
  9. This paper qualifiedPrentice-Dunn SJJL&FDL. Persuasive appeals and the reduction of skin cancer risk: The roles of appearance concern, perceived benefits of a tan, and efficacy information. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1997;27(12):1041-7.
  10. This paper qualifiedRothman AJ, Salovey P, Antone C, Keough K. The influence of message framing on intentions to perform health behaviors. - Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1993;29(5):408-33.
  11. This paper qualifiedStephenson MT, Witte K. Fear, threat, and perceptions of efficacy from frightening skin cancer messages. Public Health Reviews 1998;26(2):147-74.
  12. This paper qualifiedSchofield MJ, Edwards K, Pearce R. Effectiveness of two strategies for dissemination of sun-protection policy in New South Wales primary and secondary schools. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1997;21(7):743-50.
  13. This paper qualifiedKamin CS, O'Neill PN, Ahearn MJ. Developing and evaluating a cancer prevention teaching module for secondary education: Project SAFETY (Sun Awareness for Educating Today's Youth). Journal of Cancer Education 1993;8(4):313-8.
Interventions in Recreational or Tourism Settings
  1. This paper qualifiedDetweiler JB, Bedell BT, Salovey P, Pronin E, Rothman AJ. Message framing and sunscreen use: gain-framed messages motivate beach-goers. Health Psychol 1999;18:189-96.
  2. This paper qualifiedDey P, Collins S, Will S, Woodman CBJ. Randomised controlled trial assessing effectiveness of health education leaflets in reducing incidence of sunburn. BMJ 1995;311:1062-3.
  3. This paper qualifiedGlanz K, Chang L, Song V, Silverio R, Muneoka L. Skin cancer prevention for children, parents, and caregivers: a field test of Hawaii's SunSmart program. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:413-7.
  4. This paper qualifiedGlanz K, Lew RA, Song V, Murakami-Akatsuka L. Skin cancer prevention in outdoor recreation settings: effects of the Hawaii SunSmart Program. Eff Clin Pract 2000;3:53-61.
  5. This paper qualifiedGlanz K, Geller AC, Shigaki D, Maddock JE, Isnec MR. A randomized trial of skin cancer prevention in aquatic settings: the Pool Cool program. Health Psychol 2002;In press.
  6. This paper qualifiedKeesling B, Friedman HS. Interventions to prevent skin cancer: experimental evaluation of informational and fear appeals. Psychol Health 1995;10(6):477-90.
  7. This paper qualifiedLombard D, Neubauer TE, Canfield D, Winett RA. Behavioral community intervention to reduce the risk of skin cancer. J Appl Behav Anal 1991;24:677-86.
  8. This paper qualifiedMayer JA, Slymen DJ, Eckhardt L et al. Reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure in children. Prev Med 1997;26:516-22.
  9. This paper qualifiedMayer JA, Lewis E.C, Eckhardt L et al. Promoting sun safety among zoo visitors. Prev Med 2001;33:162-9.
  10. This paper qualifiedSegan C, Borland R, Hill D. Development and evaluation of a brochure on sun protection and sun exposure for tourists. Health Educ J 1999;58:177-91.
  11. This paper qualifiedWeinstock MA, Rossi JS, Redding CA, Maddock JE. Randomized trial of a multi-component stage-matched intervention to increase sun protection in at-risk beach bathers. Prev Med 2002;In press.
Interventions in Occupational Settings
  1. This paper qualifiedAzizi E, Flint P, Sadetzki S et al. A graded work site intervention program to improve sun protection and skin cancer awareness in outdoor workers in Israel. Cancer Causes and Control 2000;11:513-21.
  2. This paper qualifiedDobbinson S, Borland R, Anderson M. Sponsorship and sun protection practices in lifesavers. Health Promot Internation 1999;14:167-76.
  3. This paper qualifiedGeller AC, Glanz K, Shigaki D, Isnec MR, Sun T, Maddock J. Impact of skin cancer prevention on outdoor acquatics staff: the Pool Cool program in Hawaii and Massachusetts. Prev Med 2001;33:155-61.
  4. This paper qualifiedGirgis A, Sanson-Fisher RW, Watson A. A workplace intervention for increasing outdoor workers' use of solar protection. Am J Public Health 1994;84:77-81.
  5. This paper qualifiedGlanz K, Chang L, Song V, Silverio R, Muneoka L. Skin cancer prevention for children, parents, and caregivers: a field test of Hawaii's SunSmart program. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1998;38:413-7.
  6. This paper qualifiedGlanz K, Maddock JE, Lew RA, Murakami-Akatsuka L. A randomized trial of the Hawaii SunSmart program's impact on outdoor recreation staff. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:973-8.
  7. This paper qualifiedHanrahan PF. The effect of an educational brochure on knowledge and early detection of melanoma. Aust J Public Health 1995;19:270-4.
  8. This paper qualifiedLombard D, Neubauer TE, Canfield D, Winett RA. Behavioral community intervention to reduce the risk of skin cancer. J Appl Behav Anal 1991;24:677-86.
Interventions in Health Care Systems (Health Care Settings and Health Care Providers
  1. This paper qualifiedDolan, N.,Ng, J., Martin, G., Robinson, J, Rademaker, A. (1997). Effectiveness of a skin cancer control educational intervention for internal medicine housestaff and attending physicians. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 12: 531 - 536.
  2. This paper qualifiedGerbert, B; Wolff, M., Tshcann, J.; McPhee, S.; Caspers, N.; Martin, M.; & Saulovich, (1997). Activating patients to practice skin cancer prevention: Response to mailed materials from physicians versus HMOs. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 13: 214-220.
  3. This paper qualifiedGooderham, M & Guenther, L. (1999). Impact of a sun awareness curriculum on medical students' knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 3: 182 - 187.
  4. This paper qualifiedHarris, J. (2001). Can internet based continuing medical education improve physicians' skin cancer knowledge and skills? Journal of General Internal Medicine. 16: 50 - 56.
  5. This paper qualifiedHarris, J.; Salasche, S.; Harris, R. (1999). Using the internet to teach melanoma management guidelines to primary care physicians. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practices. 5: 199 - 211.
  6. This paper qualifiedJohnson, E. & Lookingbill, D. (1984). Suncreen use and sun exposure. Archives of Dermatology. 120: 727 - 731.
  7. This paper qualifiedLiu, K.; Barankin, B.; Howard, J.; & Guenther, L. (2001). One-year follow-up on the impact of a sun awareness curriculum on medical students' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 5: 193 - 200.
  8. This paper qualifiedMayer, J., Slymen, D.; Eckhardt, L.; Rosenberg, C.; Stepanski, B., Creech, L., and Palmer. (1998). Skin cancer prevention counseling by pharmacists: Specific outcomes of an intervention trial. Cancer Detection & Prevention. 22: 367 - 375.
  9. This paper qualifiedMcCormick, L.; Masse, L.; Cummings, S.;& Burke, C. (1999). Evaluation of a skin cancer prevention module for nurses: Change in knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes. American Journal of Health Promotion. 13: 282 - 289.
  10. This paper qualifiedMikkileni, R.; Weinstock, M.; Goldstein, M.; Dube, C.; & Rossi, J. (2000). Impact of the basic skin cancer triage curriculum on providers skin cancer control practices. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 16: 302- 307.
  11. This paper qualifiedPalmer, R.; Mayer, J.; Eckhardt, L.; & Sallis, J. (1998). Promoting sunscreen in a community drugstore. American Journal of Public Health. 88: 681 - 681.
Interventions in Mass Media
  1. This paper qualifiedGeller AC, Hufford D, Miller DR, et al. Evaluation of the Ultraviolet Index: media reactions and public response. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1997;37(6):935-41.
  2. This paper qualifiedKiekbusch S, Hannich HJ, Isacsson A, et al. Impact of a cancer education multimedia device on public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors: a controlled intervention study in Southern Sweden. J Cancer Educ 2000;15(4):232-6.
  3. This paper qualifiedTheobald T, Marks R, Hill D, Dorevitch A. 'Goodbye Sunshine': effects of a television program about melanoma on beliefs, behavior, and melanoma thickness [see comments]. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25(4):717-23.
Interventions for Parents or Caregivers
  1. This paper qualifiedBolognia JL, Berwick M, Fine JA, Simpson P, Jasmin M. Sun protection in newborns. A comparison of educational methods. Am J Diseases Children 1991;145:1125-9.
  2. This paper qualifiedBuller DB, Burgoon M, Hall JR et al. Using language intensity to increase the success of a family intervention to protect children from ultraviolet radiation: predictions from language expectancy theory. Prev Med 2000;30:103-14.
  3. This paper qualifiedGlanz K, Chang L, Song V, Silverio R, Muneoka L. Skin cancer prevention for children, parents, and caregivers: a field test of Hawaii's SunSmart program. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:413-7.
  4. This paper qualifiedGlanz K, Lew RA, Song V, Murakami-Akatsuka L. Skin cancer prevention in outdoor recreation settings: effects of the Hawaii SunSmart Program. Eff Clin Pract 2000;3:53-61.
  5. This paper qualifiedGlanz K, Geller AC, Shigaki D, Maddock JE, Isnec MR. A randomized trial of skin cancer prevention in aquatic settings: the Pool Cool program. Health Psychol 2002;In press.
  6. This paper qualifiedMayer JA, Slymen DJ, Eckhardt L et al. Reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure in children. PREV.MED. 1997;26:516-22.
  7. This paper qualifiedMayer JA, Lewis E.C, Eckhardt L et al. Promoting sun safety among zoo visitors. Prev Med 2001;33:162-9.
  8. This paper qualifiedMiller DR, Geller AC, Wood MC, Lew RA, Koh HK. The Falmouth Safe Skin Project: Evaluation of a community program to promote sun protection in youth. Health Educ Behav 1999;26:369-84.
  9. This paper qualifiedRodrigue JR. Promoting healthier behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs toward sun exposure in parents of young children. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996;64:1431-6.
Interventions in Community-Wide Multicomponent and Comprehensive Community-Wide Settings
  1. This paper qualifiedAnti-Cancer Council (2000-2003). SunSmart Campaign Evaluation Studies and Reports. Australia.
  2. This paper qualifiedBiger, C., Epstein, L., Hagoel, L., Tamir, A., and Robinson, E. (1994). An evaluation of an education programme, for prevention and early diagnosis of malignancy in Israel. European Journal of Cancer Prevention: 3:305-312.
  3. This paper qualifiedCancer Council (1997-1998). Report on Seymour Snowman Sun Protection Campaign. Australia.
  4. This paper qualifiedCarmel, S., Shani, E., and Rosenberg, L. (1994). The role of age and an expanded Health Belief Model in predicting skin cancer protective behavior. Health Education Research: 9(4):433-447.
  5. This paper qualifiedDietrich, A., Olson, A., Sox, C., Tosteson, T., and Grant-Petersson, J. (2000). Persistent increase in children's sun protection in a randomized controlled community trial. Preventive Medicine: 31:1-6.
  6. This paper qualifiedMiller, D., Geller, A., Wood, M., Lew, R., and Koh, H. (1999). The Falmouth Safe Skin Project: Evaluation of a community program to promote sun protection in youth. Health Education & Behavior: 26(3):369-384.
  7. This paper qualifiedRassaby, J., Larcombe, I., Hill, D., and Wake, R. Slip Slop Slap: Health education about skin cancer. Cancer Forum: 7:63-69.
  8. This paper qualifiedSanson-Fisher, R. (1994 -1995). Me No Fry Summer Campaign: Evaluation Report. Published by the NSW Department of Health. Australia.
Disqualified Studies
Interventions in Child Care Centers
  1. Boldeman C, Jansson B, Holm LE. Primary prevention of malignant melanoma in a Swedish urban preschool sector. Journal of Cancer Education 1991;6(4):247-53.
  2. Boldeman C, Ullen H, Mansson-Brahme E, Holm LE. Primary prevention of malignant melanoma in the Stockholm Cancer Prevention Programme. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 1993;2:441-6.
  3. Grant-Petersson J, Dietrich AJ, Sox CH, Winchell CW, Stevens MM. Promoting sun protection in elementary schools and child care settings: the SunSafe Project. Journal of School Health 1999;69(3):100-6.
  4. Dietrich AJ, Olson AL, Sox CH, et al. A community-based randomized trial encouraging sun protection for children. Pediatrics 1998;102(6):E64.
  5. Dietrich AJ, Olson AL, Sox CH, Tosteson TD, Grant-Petersson J. Persistent increase in children's sun protection in a randomized controlled community trial. PREV MED 2000;31(5):569-74.
  6. Olson AL, Dietrich AJ, Sox CH, Stevens MM, Winchell CW, Ahles TA. Solar protection of children at the beach. Pediatrics 1997;99(6):E11.
  7. Loescher LJ, Buller MK, Buller DB, Emerson J, Taylor AM. Public education projects in skin cancer. The evolution of skin cancer prevention education for children at a comprehensive cancer center. Cancer 1995;75(2 Suppl):651-6.
Interventions in Primary School
  1. Dietrich AJ, Olson AL, Sox CH, et al. A community-based randomized trial encouraging sun protection for children. Pediatrics 1998;102(6):E64.
  2. Dietrich AJ, Olson AL, Sox CH, Tosteson TD, Grant-Petersson J. Persistent increase in children's sun protection in a randomized controlled community trial. PREV MED 2000;31(5):569-74.
  3. Dietrich AJ, Olson AL, Sox CH, Winchell CW, Grant-Petersson J, Collison DW. Sun protection counseling for children: primary care practice patterns and effect of an intervention on clinicians. Arch Fam Med 2000;9(2):155-9.
  4. Fleming C, Newell J, Turner S, Mackie R. A study of the impact of Sun Awareness Week 1995. British Journal of Dermatology 1997;136(5):719-24.
  5. Fork HE, Wagner RFJ, Wagner KD. The Texas peer education sun awareness project for children: primary prevention of malignant melanoma and nonmelanocytic skin cancers. Cutis 1992;50(5):363-4.
  6. Gooderham MJ, Guenther L. Impact of a sun awareness curriculum on medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and behavioumpact of a sun awareness curriculum on medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviourr. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine & Surgery 1999;3(4):182-7.
  7. Milne E, Corti B, English DR, Cross D, Costa C, Johnston R. The use of observational methods for monitoring sun-protection activities in schools. Health Educ Res 1999;14(2):167-75.
  8. Milne E, English DR, Corti B, et al. Direct measurement of sun protection in primary schools. PREV MED 1999;29(1):45-52.
  9. Milne E, English DR, Cross D, Corti B, Costa C, Johnston R. Evaluation of an intervention to reduce sun exposure in children: design and baseline results. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150(2):164-73.
  10. Olson AL, Dietrich AJ, Sox CH, Stevens MM, Winchell CW, Ahles TA. Solar protection of children at the beach. Pediatrics 1997;99(6):E11.
  11. Ramstack JL, White SE, Hazelkorn KS, Meyskens FL. Sunshine and skin cancer: a school-based skin cancer prevention project. Journal of Cancer Education 1986;1(3):169-76.
  12. Syson-Nibbs L. Measuring effectiveness of Sunsafety. HEALTH VISIT 1996;69(7):274-7.
  13. Syson-Nibbs L. Sun Safety education in schools. Education and Health 1996;14(3):37-41.
Interventions in Secondary Schools and Colleges
  1. Castle CM, Skinner T, Chas, Hampson SE. Young women and suntanning: An evaluation of a health education leaflet. - Psychology & Health 1999;14(3):May-527.
  2. Hughes BR, Altman DG, Newton JA. Melanoma and skin cancer: evaluation of a health education programme for secondary schools. British Journal of Dermatology 1993;128(4):412-7.
  3. Reding DJ, Fischer V, Gunderson P, Lappe K. Skin cancer prevention: a peer education model. Wisconsin Medical Journal 1995;94(2):77-81.
  4. Reding DJ, Fischer V, Gunderson P, Lappe K, Anderson H, Calvert G. Teens teach skin cancer prevention. Journal of rural health 1996;12((4 suppl S)):2650272.
Interventions in Recreational or Tourism Settings
  1. Glanz K, Silverio R, Farmer A. Diary reveals sun protective practices. Skin Cancer Foundation J 1996;14:27-8.
  2. Glanz K, Carbone E, Song V. Formative research for developing targeted skin cancer prevention programs for children in multiethnic Hawaii. Health Educ Res 1999;14:155-66.
  3. Glanz K, Lew RA, Song V, Murakami-Akatsuka L. Effects of skin cancer prevention in outdoor recreation settings: the Hawaii SunSmart Program. Eff Clin Pract 2000;3:1-5.
  4. Glanz K, Maddock JE, Lew RA, Murakami-Akatsuka L. A randomized trial of the Hawaii SunSmart program's impact on outdoor recreation staff. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44:973-8.
  5. Parrott R, Duggan A, Cremo J, Eckles A, Jones K, Steiner C. Communicating about youth's sun exposure risk to soccer coaches and parents: a pilot study in Georgia. Health Educ Behav 1999;26:385-95.
  6. Presant CA, Presant SL, Mack J, Atterbury GB, French RA, Schroeder T. Youth cancer education through a combined American Cancer Society-Boy Scouts of America pilot program. J Cancer Educ 1987;2:229-31.
  7. Weinstock MA, Rossi JS, Redding CA, Maddock JE, Cottrill SD. Sun protection behaviors and stages of change for the primary prevention of skin cancers among beachgoers in southeastern New England. Ann Behav Med 2000;22:286-93.
Interventions in Occupational Settings
  1. Azizi E, Modan M, Fuchs Z, Kushelevsky AP. Skin cancer risk of Israeli workers exposed to sunlight. Harefuah 1990;118:508-11.
  2. Borland RM, Hocking B, Godkin GA, Gibbs AF, Hill DJ. The impact of a skin cancer control education package for outdoor workers. Med J Australia 1991;154:686-8.
  3. Glanz K, Silverio R, Farmer A. Diary reveals sun protective practices. Skin Ca Fdn J 1996;14:27-8.
  4. Glanz K, Carbone E, Song V. Formative research for developing targeted skin cancer prevention programs for children in multiethnic Hawaii. Health Educ Res 1999;14:155-66.
  5. Novick M. To burn or not to burn: use of computer-enhanced stimuli to encourage application of sunscreens. Cutis 1997;60:105-8.
  6. Parrott R, Duggan A, Cremo J, Eckles A, Jones K, Steiner C. Communicating about youth's sun exposure risk to soccer coaches and parents: a pilot study in Georgia. Health Educ Behav 1999;26:385-95.
Interventions in Health Care Systems (Health Care Settings and Health Care Providers
  1. Azurdia, R., Pagliaro, J., Rhodes, L. (2000). Sunscreen application technique in photosensitive patients: a quantitative assessment of the effect of education. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology, and Photomedicine. 16: 53 - 56.
  2. Brandberg, Y.; Bergenmar, M.; Michelson, H.; Mansson-Brahme, E.; & Sjoden, P. (1996). Six-month followup of effects of an information programme for patients with malignant melanoma. Patient Education and Counseling. 28: 201 - 208.
  3. Brodkin, R. & Altman, E. (1993). Controlling for malignant melanoma: A focus on pediatricians. AJDC. 147: 875 - 881.
  4. Dietrich, A.; Olson, A.; Sox, C.; Wichell, C.; Grant-Petersson, J.; & Collison, D. (2000). Sun protection counseling for children. Archives of Family Medicine. 9: 155 -159.
  5. Geller, A., Prout, M., Sun, T., Krane, R., Schroy, P., Demierre, M., Benjes, L., Abd- El-Baki, J., Mozden, P., Hoh, H., and Stanfield, L. (2000). Cancer skills laboratories for medical students: a promising approach for cancer education. Journal of Cancer Education. 15: 196 - 199.
  6. Leinweber, C.; Campbell, H.; & Trottier, D. (1995). Is a health promotion campaign successful in retail pharmacies? Canadian Journal of Public Health. 86: 380 - 383.
  7. Mayer, J., Eckhardt, L., Stepanski, B., Sallis, J., Elder, J., Slymen, D., Creeh, L., Graf, G., Palmer, R., Rosenberg, C., and Souvignier, S. (1998). Promoting skin cancer prevention counseling by pharmacists. American Journal of Public Health. 88(7): 1096 - 1099.
  8. Robinson, J. (1990). Behavior modification obtained by sun protection education coupled with removal of a skin cancer. Archives of Dermatology. 126: 477 - 481.
  9. Robinson, J. (1992). Compensation strategies in sun protection behaviors by a population with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Preventive Medicine. 21: 754 - 765.
  10. Robinson, J & Rademaker, A. (1995). Skin cancer risk and sun protection learning by helpers of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Preventive Medicine. 24: 333- 341.
Interventions in Mass Media
  1. Anonymous. Media dissemination of and public response to the Ultraviolet Index--United States, 1994-1995. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 1997;46(17):370-3.
  2. Boutwell WB. Under cover: a community-based skin cancer prevention initiative. Cancer Bull 1993;45:279-81.
  3. Boutwell WB. The Under Cover Skin Cancer Prevention Project. A community-based program in four Texas cities. Cancer 1995;75(2 Suppl):657-60.
  4. Boutwell BW. The under cover skin caner prevention project: A community-based program in Four Texas Cities. Cancer 1995;75(2(Supplement)):657-60.
  5. Cameron IH, McGuire C. 'Are you dying to get a suntan?': The pre- and post-campaign survey results. Health Edu J 1990;49(4):166-70.
  6. King PH, Murfin GD, Yanagisako KL, et al. Skin cancer/melanoma knowledge and behavior in Hawaii: changes during a community-based cancer control program. Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 1982;130:135-44.
  7. Putnam GL, Yanagisako KL. Skin cancer comic book: evaluation of a public educational vehicle. Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine 1985;8(1):22-5.
  8. McGee R, Williams S. Adolescence and sun protection. New Zealand Medical Journal 1992;105(943):401-3.
  9. Pfahlberg A, Gefeller O, Kolmel KF. Public awareness of malignant melanoma risk factors in Germany. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 1997;51(6):698-700.
Interventions for Parents or Caregivers
  1. Buller DB, Borland R, Burgoon M. Impact of behavioral intention on effectiveness of message features: evidence from the Family Sun Safety Project. Human Commun Res 1999;24:433-53.
  2. Buller DB, Burgoon M, Hall JR et al. Long-term effects of language intensity in preventive messages on planned family solar protection. Health Commun 2000;12:261-75.
  3. Fleming C, Newell J, Turner S, Mackie R. A study of the impact of Sun Awareness Week 1995. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:719-24.
  4. Glanz K, Silverio R, Farmer A. Diary reveals sun protective practices. Skin Cancer Found J 1996;14:27-8.
  5. Glanz K, Carbone E, Song V. Formative research for developing targeted skin cancer prevention programs for children in multiethnic Hawaii. Health Educ Res 1999;14:155-66.
  6. Parrott R, Duggan A, Cremo J, Eckles A, Jones K, Steiner C. Communicating about youth's sun exposure risk to soccer coaches and parents: a pilot study in Georgia. Health Educ Behav 1999;26:385-95.
  7. Pfahlberg A, Gefeller O, Kolmel KF. Public awareness of malignant melanoma risk factors in Germany. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997;51:698-700.
Interventions in Community-Wide Multicomponent and Comprehensive Community-Wide Settings
  1. Anti-Cancer Council (1988-1989). SunSmart Campaign Evaluation Studies and Reports: No.1. Australia.
  2. Anti-Cancer Council (1989-1990). SunSmart Campaign Evaluation Studies and Reports: No.2. Australia.
  3. Anti-Cancer Council (1990-1993). SunSmart Campaign Evaluation Studies and Reports: No.3. Australia.
  4. Anti-Cancer Council (1993-1994). SunSmart Campaign Evaluation Studies and Reports: No.4. Australia.
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