The Community Guide Library

This first edition of The Guide to Community Preventive Services: What works to promote health? includes intervention reviews and recommendations completed between 1996 and 2004.

Book review:
Crosby, RA. The Guide to Community Preventive Services: What Works to Promote Health? Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Am J Prev Med 2005: 28(5S); 305-6.

Companion reference:
The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services (also called The Clinical Guide) was developed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. This publication together with the Community Guide represent the gold-standard for evidence-based recommendations across the prevention spectrum of clinical practice and public health.

• review findings
• recommendations from the Task Force on Community Preventive Services, and
• methodological, conceptual, and related papers.

Primary venues include

• American Journal of Preventive Medicine
• Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWR)

Most articles published in these two venues are available through links provided at this Web site. Readers must go to the source for articles published in other journals or books.

Note: The format of all linked documents is the copyright-protected property of the publisher. The content of these documents is in the public domain. Citation, however, would be appreciated.
Sample citations for Guide to Community Preventive Services published materials:

Guide to Community Preventive Services. Motor Vehicle Occupant Injury. www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/. Last updated:11/14/2005. [Sample Web page citation]

Ditter SM, Elder RW, Shults RA, et al. Effectiveness of designated driver programs for reducing alcohol-impaired driving: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5S):280-7. [Sample article citation]

Alcohol
Cancer
Diabetes
Motor Vehicle
Nutrition
Obesity
Oral Health
Physical Activity
Sexual Behavior
Social Environment
Tobacco
Vaccines
Violence Prevention

Overview
Methods
Economic Methods
Commentaries and other related publications

Informed decision making

Evidence review
Briss PA, Rimer BK, Reilley B, et al. Promoting informed decisions about cancer screening in communities and healthcare systems: a conceptual background and systematic review from the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Am J Prev Med 2004;26(1):67-80.

Related publications
Sheridan SL, Harris RP, Woolf SH, et al. Shared decision making about screening and chemoprevention: a suggested approach from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Am J Prev Med 2004;26(1):56-66.

Rimer BK, Briss PA, Zeller PK, et al. Informed decision making: what is its role in cancer screening? Cancer 2004;101(S5):1214-28.

Commentary
Kaplan RM. Shared medical decision making: a new tool for preventive medicine. Am J Prev Med 2004;26(1):81-3.

Screening

Evidence Reviews
Baron RC, Rimer BK, Coates RJ, et al. Client-directed interventions to increase community access to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Baron RC, Rimer BK, Breslow RA, et al. Client-directed interventions to increase community demand for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Sabatino SA, Habarta N, Baron RC. Interventions to increase recommendation and delivery of screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers by healthcare providers: systematic reviews of provider assessment and feedback and provider incentives. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations for client- and provider-directed interventions to increase breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Methods
Baron RC, Rimer BK, Coates RJ, et al. Methods for conducting systematic reviews of evidence on effectiveness and economic efficiency of interventions to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Commentaries
Yabroff KR. Interventions to improve cancer screening: commentary from a health services research perspective. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Hannon PA, Harris JR. Interventions to improve cancer screening: opportunities in the workplace. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Shepherd WL, Moore A. Task Force recommendations: application in the “real world” of community intervention. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Glanz K, Melvin C. How not to get lost in translation: implementing the recommendations and identifying research gaps. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Related publications
Breslow RA, Rimer BK, Baron RC, et al. Introducing the Community Guide’s reviews of evidence on interventions to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Am J Prev Med 2008;35(1S):(in press).

Skin cancer

CDC. Preventing skin cancer. Findings of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services on reducing exposure to ultraviolet light. MMWR 2003;52(RR-15):1-12.

Evidence review
Saraiya M, Glanz K, Briss PA, et al. Interventions to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2004;27(5):422-66.

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations to prevent skin cancer by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Am J Prev Med 2004;27(5):467-70.

Commentaries
Hill D. Skin cancer prevention: a commentary. Am J Prev Med 2004;27(5):482-3.

Koh HK, Geller AC. Skin cancer prevention comes of age. Am J Prev Med 2004;27(5):484-5.

See Cancer topic page for intervention summaries.

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Disease and Case Management
CDC. Strategies for reducing morbidity and mortality from diabetes through health-care system interventions and diabetes self-management education in community settings. A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR 2001;50 (RR-16):1-15.

Evidence reviews
Norris SL, Nichols PJ, Caspersen CJ, et al. The effectiveness of disease and case management for people with diabetes: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2002;22(4S):15-38.

Norris SL, Nichols PJ, Caspersen CJ, et al. Increasing diabetes self-management education in community settings: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2002;22(4S):39-66.

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations for healthcare system and self-management education interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from diabetes. Am J Prev Med 2002;22(4S):10-4.

Commentaries
McGinnis JM. Diabetes and physical activity. Am J Prev Med 2002;22(4S):1-2.

Kriska A. Striving for a more active community. Am J Prev Med 2002;22(4S):6-7.

See Diabetes topic page for intervention summaries.

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Alcohol Impaired Driving

Evidence reviews
Ditter SM, Elder RW, Shults RA, et al. Effectiveness of designated driver programs for reducing alcohol-impaired driving: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5S):280-7.

Elder RW, Nichols JL, Shults RA, et al. Effectiveness of school-based programs for reducing drinking and driving and riding with drinking drivers: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5S):288-304.

Elder RW, Shults RA, Sleet DA, et al. Effectiveness of mass media campaigns for reducing drinking and driving and alcohol-involved crashes: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2004;27(1):57-65.

Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):66-88.

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendation for use of mass media campaigns to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Am J Prev Med 2004;27(1):66.

Related publications
Elder RW, Shults RA, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Zaza S, Thompson R. Effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints for reducing alcohol-involved crashes. Traffic Inj Prev 2002;3:266-274.

Elder RW, Shults RA, Sleet DA. Do .08% blood alcohol concentration laws save lives? Washington Post, Nov. 26, 2001.

Elder RW, Shults RE, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Zaza S, Thompson R. Effectiveness of Sobriety Checkpoints for Preventing Alcohol-Involved Crashes. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol Drugs and Traffic Safety, August 4-9, 2002, Montreal, Canada.

Elder RW, Shults RA, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Zaza S, Thompson R. Effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints for reducing alcohol-involved crashes. Traffic Inj Prev, 2002, 3, 266-74.

Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Alao MO, Carande-Kulis VG, Zaza S, Sosin DM, Thompson RS, and the Task Force on Community Preventive Services.Erratum to: Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):66-88. Am J Prev Med 2002;23(1):72.

Shults RE, Elder RW, Sleet DA, Zaza, Nichols JL. The Guide to Community Preventive Services: Systematic Reviews and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Community-Based Interventions to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol Drugs and Traffic Safety, August 4-9, 2002, Montreal, Canada (In Press).

Zaza S, Sleet DA, Elder RW, Shults RA, Dellinger A, Thompson RS. Response to letter to the editor. Am J Prev Med 2002;22:330-1.

Child Safety Seats

Evidence review
Zaza S, Sleet DA, Thompson RS, Sosin DM, Bolen JC, Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase use of child safety seats. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):31-47.

Safety Belts

Dinh-Zarr TB, Sleet DA, Shults RA, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase use of safety belts. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):48-65.

Related publications
Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, et al. Primary enforcement seat belt laws are effective even in the face of rising belt use rates. Accident Analysis and Prevention 2004;36:491-3.

Shults RA, Nichols JL, Dinh-Zarr TB, et al. Effectiveness of primary enforcement safety belt laws and enhanced enforcement of safety belt laws: a summary of the Guide to Community Preventive Services Systematic Reviews. J Safety Research 2004;35:189-96.

Sleet DA, Branche CM. Road Safety is No Accident. Proceedings from a Symposium on High Visibility Enforcement - Building Sustained Safety Belt Use. Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 35, Issue 2, 2004, pp. 173-174.

Commentaries
Satcher D. Note from the Surgeon General. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):1-2.

Waller PF. Public health's contribution to MVOI prevention. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):3-4.

Moffat J. MVOI prevention: the states perspective. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):5-6.

Webb M. Research as an advocate's toolkit to reduce MVOI. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):7-8.

Miller TR. Effectiveness of Hercules & economic estimates of stables. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):9-12.

Novick LF, Kelter A. Guide to Community Preventive Services, a public health imperative. Am J Prev Med2001;21(4S):13-15.

See Motor Vehicle topic page for intervention summaries.

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CDC. Public health strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in school and worksite settings. A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR 2005;54(RR-10):1-12.

See Obesity topic page for intervention summaries.

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CDC. Promoting oral health: interventions for preventing dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries. A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR 2001;50(RR-21):1-13.

Evidence review
Truman BI, Gooch BF, Sulemana I, et al. Reviews of evidence on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries. Am J Prev Med 2002;23(1S):21-54.

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations on selected interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries. Am J Prev Med 2002;23(1S):16-20.

Related publications
Gooch BF, Truman BI, Griffin SO, et al. A comparison of selected evidence reviews and recommendations on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries. Am J Prev Med 2002;23(1S):55-80.

See Oral Health topic page for intervention summaries.

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See Physical Activity topic page for intervention summaries.

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Commentaries

Reducing sexual risk behaviors
Stall R. Opportunities to improve AIDS prevention practice among MSM. Am J Prev Med 2007;32(4S);S29-S30.

Millett GA, Peterson JL. The known hidden epidemic; HIV/AIDS among Black MSM in the U.S. Am J Prev Med2007;32(4S);S31-S33.

Ramirez-Valles J. The quest for effective HIV-prevention interventions for Latino gay men. Am J Prev Med 2007;32(4S);S34-S35.

Partner counseling and referral services
Dooley, Jr. SW, Douglas, Jr. JM, Janssen RS. PCRS for HIV infection: New endorsement of an old approach. Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S);S81-3.

Golden MR. HIV PCRS: Finally getting beyond the name.Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S);S84-5.

Kissinger P, Malebranche D. Partner notification: Promising approach to reducing HIV/AIDS racial disparities in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S);S86-7.

See Sexual Behavior topic page for intervention summaries.

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See Social Environment topic page for intervention summaries.

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See Tobacco topic page for intervention summaries.

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Universally recommended vaccines

CDC. Vaccine-preventable diseases: improving vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults. A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR 1999;48(RR-8):1-15.

Evidence review
Briss PA, Rodewald LE, Hinman AR, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):97-140.

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):92-6.

Targeted vaccines

CDC. Improving influenza, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults aged <65 years at high risk. A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR 2005;54(RR-5):1-11.

Evidence review
Ndaiye SM, Hopkins DP, Shefer AM, et al. Interventions to improve influenza, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among high-risk adults: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5S):248-79

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations to improve targeted vaccination coverage among high-risk adults. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5S):231-7.  

Methods
Ndaiye SM, Hopkins DP, Smith SJ, et al. Methods for conducting systematic reviews of targeted vaccine strategies for The Guide to Community Preventive Services. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5S):238-47.

Related publications
Calling the Shots: Immunization Finance Policies and Practices. A Report from the Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press. 2000.

Shefer A, Briss P, and Rodewald L. Improving immunization coverage rates: an evidence-based review of the literature. Epidemiol Rev. 1999:21(1):96-142.

Use of standing orders programs to increase adult vaccination rates: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice. MMWR. 2000;49(RR-1);15-26.

See Vaccines topic page for intervention summaries.

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CDC. First reports evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for preventing violence: early childhood home visitation and firearms laws. Findings from the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR 2003;52(RR-14):1-20.

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendations to reduce violence through early childhood home visitation, therapeutic foster care, and firearms laws. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(2S1):6-10.

Early childhood home visitation

Evidence review
Bilukha O, Hahn RA, Crosby A, et al. The effectiveness of early childhood home visitation in preventing violence: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(2S1):11-39.

Evidence review
Hahn RA, Bilukha O, Crosby A, et al. Firearms laws and the reduction of violence: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(2S1):40-71.

CDC. The effectiveness of universal school-based programs for the prevention of violent and aggressive behavior: a report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR 2007;56(RR-7):1-16.

Evidence review
Hahn R, Fuqua-Whitley D, Wethington H, et al. Effectiveness of universal school-based programs to prevent violent and aggressive behavior: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S):S114–29.

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. A recommendation to reduce rates of violence among school-aged children and youth by means of universal school-based violence prevention programs. Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S):S112-13.

Related article
Wilson SJ, Lipsey MW. School-based interventions for aggressive and disruptive behavior: update of a meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S):S130-43.

CDC. Therapeutic foster care for the prevention of violence. A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR 2004;53(RR-10):1-8.

Evidence review
Hahn RA, Bilukha O, Lowy J, et al. The effectiveness of therapeutic foster care for the prevention of violence: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(2S1):72-90.

CDC. Effects on violence of laws and policies facilitating the transfer of youth from the juvenile to the adult justice system. MMWR 2007;56(RR-9):1-11.

Evidence review
McGowan A, Hahn R, Liberman A, et al. Effects on violence of laws and policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles from the juvenile justice system to the adult justice system. Am J Prev Med 2007;32 (4S):S7-28.

Recommendations
Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Recommendation against policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles from juvenile to adult justice systems for the purpose of reducing violence. Am J Prev Med 2007;32 (4S):S5-6.

Commentaries
Bilchik S. Importance of universal school-based programs in preventing violent and aggressive behavior. Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S):S101-3.

Gottfredson DC. Some thought about research on youth violence prevention. Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S):S104-6.

Modzeleski W. School-based violence prevention programs: offering hope for school districts. Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S):S107-8.

Prothrow-Stith D. A major step forward in violence prevention. Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2S):S109-11.

Mathis KJ. American Bar Association: Adult justice system is the wrong answer for most juveniles. Am J Prev Med 2007;32(4S):S1-2.

Tonry M. Treating juveniles as adult criminals: An iatrogenic violence prevention strategy if ever there was one. Am J Prev Med 2007;32(4S):S3-4.

Lipsey MW. The challenges of interpreting research for use by practitioners: Comments on the latest products from the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Am J Prev Med 2005; 28 (2 Suppl 1); 6-10.

Calonge N. Community interventions to prevent violence: Translation into public health practice. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(2 Suppl 1);4-5.

See Violence Prevention topic page for intervention summaries.

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Briss PA, Zaza S, Pappaioanou M, Fielding J, et al. Developing an evidence-based Guide to Community Preventive Services—methods. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):35-43.

Pappaioanou M , Evans CA, Jr. Development of the Guide to Community Preventive Services: a U.S. Public Health Service initiative. J Public Health Manag Pract 1998;4:48-54.

Zaza S, Wright-de Aguero L, Briss PA, et al. Data collection instrument and procedure for systematic reviews in the Guide to Community Preventive Services. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):44-74.

Chapter 10: Methods used for reviewing evidence and linking evidence to recommendations (from the Community Guide Book)

Methods-related support documents

Process for assessing strength of a body of evidence (translation table)

Relationship between strength of evidence and strength of recommendation (strength of evidence table—needs changes)

Rules for scoring limitations of studies

Data abstraction form. The data abstraction form is a standard instrument used to systematically collect data from scientific reports in development of the Guide. Recommendations in the Guide are based on this evidence.

Introduction to the Community Guide Methods  (PowerPoint presentation)

Vilma G. Carande-Kulis, Michael V. Maciosek, Peter A. Briss et al. Methods for systematic reviews of economic evaluations for the Guide to Community Preventive Services. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):75-91.

Chapter 11: Understanding and using the economic evidence (from the Community Guide book)

Methods-related support documents (economics)

Economic abstraction form. This economic abstraction form is used to systematically abstract data from economic evaluation studies and to adjust results, when appropriate, to allow for greater comparability between studies employing differing methodologies.

Review-specific economic methods

Zaza S, Carande-Kulis VG, Sleet DA, et al. Methods for conducting systematic reviews of the evidence of effectiveness and economic efficiency of interventions to reduce injuries to motor vehicle occupants. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S):23-30.

Anderson LM, Fielding JE, Fullilove MT, et al. Methods for conducting systematic reviews of the evidence of effectiveness and economic efficiency of interventions to promote healthy social environments. Am J Prev Med 2003;24(3S):25-31.

Ndiaye SM, Hopkins DP, Smith SJ, et al. Methods for conducting systematic reviews of targeted vaccination strategies for The Guide to Community Preventive Services. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5S):238-47.

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Chapter 12: Continuing research needs (from the Community Guide book)

A vital resource for teachers of preventive medicine

McGinnis JM. With both eyes open: The Guide to Community Preventive Services Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):223-5.

Anderson LM, Brownson RC, Fullilove MT, et al. Evidence-based public health policy and practice: promises and limitsAm J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):226-30.

Satcher D.Note from the Surgeon General [introducing the Community Guide]. m J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):inside front cover.

McGinnis JM , Foege W. Guide to Community Preventive Services: harnessing the science. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):1-2.

Kohatsu ND , Melton RJ. A health department perspective on the Guide to Community Preventive Services. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):3-4.

Kerr DL , Davis RM. The Guide to Community Preventive Services: managed care/clinical practice commentary. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):5-6.

Duhl L. Guide to Community Preventive Services: a commentary. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S): 10-11.

Omenn GS , Clark NM. The Guide to Community Preventive Services will be influential in academic health centers: education, research, and links with practice. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):12-4.

Ramsey SD. Methods for reviewing economic evaluations of community preventive services: a cart without a horse? Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):15-7.

Using evidence to improve public health infrastructure (PowerPoint presentation)

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Note: The format of all linked documents is the copyright-protected property of the publisher. The content of these documents is in the public domain. Citation, however, would be appreciated.

Sample citations for Guide to Community Preventive Services published materials
Guide to Community Preventive Services. Motor Vehicle Occupant Injury. www.thecommunityguide.org/mvoi/. Last updated:11/14/2005. [Sample Web page citation]
Ditter SM, Elder RW, Shults RA, et al. Effectiveness of designated driver programs for reducing alcohol-impaired driving: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5S):280-7. [Sample article citation]